Download Chapter 9 Ancient Greece

Chapter 9 Ancient Greece
Section 1
Peninsula- an area of land that is surrounded on 3 sides by water.
*People settled in flat areas along the coast and in river valleys.
*The Greeks became skilled shipbuilders and sailors.
*Minoans- early people who lived on the island of Crete.
*They traded wood, olive oil, and pottery around the Mediterranean
Sea.
Mycenaeans- early people who lived on the mainland of Greece.
*First people to speak Greek.
*Set up colonies in N. Greece & Italy.
*Attacked other kingdoms.
*Traded around the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
*Mycenae- largest fortress on the mainland.
Dark Age- a period of warfare and disorder.
Polis- Greek word for independent city-state.
Classical Age- an age marked by great achievements
Acropolis- high hill built in the center of a Greek city.
Agora- open-air marketplace, it also served as a meeting place
*People thought of themselves as residents of a city, not as Greeks
*Greeks set up colonies all around the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
-----------------------------Section 2
Democracy- a type of government in which people rule themselves.
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Democracy means “rule of the people.”
Aristocrats- a group of rich landowners
Oligarchy- a government in which only a few people have power
Solon- declared all free men in Athens were citizens
Citizen- people who had the right to participate in government
(Women, slaves, and foreigners could not be citizens)
Peisistratus- overthrew the oligarchy & became a tyrant
Tyrant- a leader who held power by the use of force.
Cleisthenes- “the father of democracy”, he overthrew the
aristocracy.
Assembly- all citizens met outdoors to discuss and vote on issues.
Juries- citizens decided court cases. (200-6,000 people) Juries
always had an odd number to prevent ties.
Pericles- elected leader who said people should be paid for holding
public office or serving on juries
What ended democracy in Athens?
Athens was conquered by the Macedonians from the North.
2 Types of Democracy:
1. Direct Democracy- all citizens participate directly in the
government. (Athens)
2. Representative Democracy- citizens elect officials to make the
laws. (U.S. today) Our U.S. Senators are Barbara Boxer and Diane
Feinstein.
______________________Section 3_______________________________________
Mythology- stories about gods and heroes that explain how the world
works.
Oracle at Delphi- A female priest to whom people thought the gods
gave answers
Theseus- hero who traveled to Crete and killed the Minotaur (half
human, half bull)
Hercules- Greek hero who fought and killed the hydra, a 9-headed
snake.
Olympic Games Held every 4 years at Olympia in honor of Zeus.Only
MEN could compete.
Homer- famous poet the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey.”
Iliad- tells of the last years of the Trojan War, the adventures of
Achilles.
Odyssey- the challenges Odysseus faced on his way home from the
war.
Sappho- most famous lyric poet; she wrote about love and
relationships.
Fables- short stories that teach lessons about life
THE END