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Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide NAME:____________________________ CLASS: ________ DATE: ________ SCIENCE FOCUS 7 UNIT 1 INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS STUDY GUIDE The study guides are vocabulary lists and questions that come directly from the textbook. Almost all of the vocabulary words are found in the glossary and are usually completed before starting the questions. Words that do not appear in the glossary can usually be found within the text of the material. Most of the questions are “easily” answered by reading through the material carefully and using the page numbers in brackets after each question. The questions appear in order according to the information in the text. Please monitor your child’s completion of this task and initial in the boxes below when it has been completed. Students will need a parent signature in the box by the due date to receive the full four marks for each topic. Notes completed after the due date will receive three marks for each topic. The study guides are due on the day that the appropriate quiz is written but may be completed in advance of the due date. GRADE 7 UNIT 1: INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS SUGGESTED COMPLETION DATE PARENT SIGNATURE TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4 TOPIC 5 TOPIC 6 TOPIC 7 It is important to review work on a regular basis. Notes can be read through and study guide questions can be “asked” and “answered”. Students will receive more information regarding how to use the notes and study guides to specifically prepare for quizzes and exams as we approach our first quiz. 1 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide SCIENCE FOCUS 7 UNIT 1 INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS STUDY GUIDE TOPIC 1: INTERACTIONS WITHIN AN ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION ecology ecologist habitat adapted adaptation ecosystem symbiosis mutualism parasitism parasite host commensalism 2 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide Questions (the number in brackets at the end of the answer line is the page where the answer can be found) 1. Like all living things, whooping cranes ________________________________________ (2) 2. Humans also interact with the environment. Unfortunately, ________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (2) 3. Ecologists study and explore ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (6 & 7) 4. An organism’s basic needs include ___________________________________________(8) 5. Living things are always ____________________________________________________(8) 6. Living things are adapted so that they _________________________________________(10) 7. This ensures that they can __________________________________________________(10) 8. Learned behaviors that help animals survive are not adaptations because ________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (10) 9. Humans can survive in a wide variety of habitats including space and the deep sea because __________________________________________________________________________(11) 10. A rotting log is an example of an _______________. It is formed by ___________________ __________________________________________________________________________(13) 11. Understanding connections will help understand ________________________________ (13) 12. If one part (____________________________________) of an organism’s world is affected, the organism will need_______________________________________________________ (13) 13. In order to study ecosystems, scientists __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(13) 14. Symbiosis occurs when _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(14) 3 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 15. Give an example from the textbook of mutualism and explain how it works. _____________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(14) 16. Give an example from the textbook of parasitism and explain how it works. _____________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________(14 & 15) 17. Give an example from the textbook of commensalism and explain how it works. __________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(15) 18. Ecosystems are made up of ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(16) 19. Describe the impacts on the environment when a beaver builds a dam. __________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(16) 4 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide TOPIC 2: HUMAN IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION natural resources DDT (not in glossary so listen in class) 1. As Canada’s population increased_______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(18) 2. People use ______________________________________ such as _____________________ __________________________to ______________________________________________(18) 3. Many human technologies__________________________________________________(18) 4. Human impacts can be small. For example, _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(19) 5. Human impacts can be large. For example, _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(19) 6. As the human population increases ______________________________________________ As their numbers grow________________________________________________________(19) 7. Lifestyle changes have_____________________________________________________(20) 8. Meeting wants and needs __________________________________________________(22) 9. Our demand for more consumer products often ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(22) 10. In our haste to _____________________________________________________________ we often ___________________________________________________________________(24) 11. For a long time, fire was seen as ________________________________________________ Now we know ______________________________________________________________(24) 5 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 12. DDT was used to ____________________________________________________________ Unfortunately it also _________________________________________________________ (24) 13. Large predators such as _______________________________________________________ used to be seen as __________________________________so they were_______________ (25) 14. Now, because people _______________________________________________________ these animals are regarded as _____________________________________________________ because they _______________________________________________________________(25) 15. Without this natural control ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(25) TOPIC 3: ENVIRONMENTAL CHOICES CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION sustainability ecological footprint 1. Our food and shelter come from ________________________________________________ and all of our waste__________________________________________________________(29) 2. People in North America and other wealthy countries use ____________________________ They do not_________________________________________________________________(29) 3. Sustainability means _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(29) 4. Each human has _____________________________________________________________ The difference is_____________________________________________________________(30) 6 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 5. There are about _________________________ in the world. If the usable land was divided equally among all the people on Earth, each person would get about ______________________ People in Canada need about __________________________________________________(30) 6. An ecological footprint is ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(30) 7. Materials include ____________________________________________________________ Energy includes _____________________________________________________________(30) 8. The ecological footprint of a person travelling 10 km back and forth to work would be: by bike:________________; by bus: ________________; alone in a car: _______________ (31) 9. At present the ecological foot print of the average Canadian is ________________________ Most Canadians are__________________________________________________________(31) 10. The two steps in reducing your impact are: _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(31) 11. Three actions that will reduce the size of your ecological footprint are: __________________ __________________________________________________________________________(33) 12. Explain what is meant by reduce and give an example: ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(33) 13. Explain what is meant by reuse and give an example: ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(33) 14. Explain what is meant by recycle and give an example: ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(33) 7 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 15. When humans affect the environment it is often because _____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(35) 16. In a country as vast as Canada _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(35) TOPIC 4: HOW ORGANISMS INTERACT CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION biotic abiotic niche producers consumers herbivores carnivores predators prey omnivores food chain 8 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide energy flow food web pyramid of numbers biomass scavengers decomposers 1. Living parts of the environment are called _____________________________________(38) 2. Non-living parts of the environment are called __________________________________(38) 3. Abiotic parts of the environment include ______________________________________(38) INCLUDE THE DIAGRAM FROM THE BOTTOM OF PAGE 38 IN YOUR LOGBOOK 4. A niche is _______________________________________________________________(40) 5. To determine an organism’s niche you must ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(40) 6. Explain what producers are and give an example from the textbook. ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________(40) 7. Explain what consumers are, list the three types and give an example of each from the textbook. ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(40) 8. Explain how a meat-eating animal gets energy from the sun. ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(42) 9 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 9. A food chain is ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(42) 10. At each step along the chain the three things that can happen to the energy are ____________ __________________________________________________________________________(42) 11. Energy flow is ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(42) 12. Food web are ____________________________________________________________(43) 13. A pyramid of numbers is used to show ________________________________________(43) 14. A pyramid of biomass is used to show ________________________________________(43) 15. Scavengers are ___________________________________________________________(44) 16. Decomposers are _________________________________________________________(45) 17. Many ____________________________________________________are decomposers. (45) INCLUDE FIGURES 1.30, 1.32, 133, & 134 FROM P. 42 & 43 IN YOUR LOGBOOK 10 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide TOPIC 5: CYCLES IN THE ENVIRONMENT CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION carbon cycle water cycle pollution pollutants acid rain pH bioaccumulation 1. When you or another animal breathes out _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(49) 2. When an animal or plant dies ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(49) 3. Plankton are ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(49) 4. They all contain _________________which is what___________________are made of. (49) 5. Phytoplankton use sunlight to _______________________________________________(49) 6. Over time and ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(49) 11 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 7. Carbon is necessary___________________________________________________________ Plants use_____________________________________________________________________ Animals and other organisms __________________________________________________(49) 8. All living things require ___________________________________________________(51) 9. Water is used for ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(51) 10. Water moves ____________________________________________________________(51) 11. The water cycle is ________________________________________________________(51) INCLUDE FIGURE 1.39 FROM P. 49 & 1.41 FROM P. 51 IN YOUR LOGBOOK 12. Pollution occurs when_________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(52) 13. Many substances that occur naturally become pollutants when ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(52) 14. Explain how acid rain forms. ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(52) INCLUDE FIGURE 1.43 FROM PAGE 52 IN YOUR LOGBOOK 15. Explain how PCBs, mercury and DDT got into the environment. ______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(53) 16. Bioaccumulation occurs when ________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(54) INCLUDE FIGURE 1.46 FROM PAGE 54 IN YOUR LOGBOOK 12 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide TOPIC 6: SUCCESSION AND CHANGE IN ECOSYSTEMS CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION succession primary succession secondary succession biological control introduced species extinct 1. Give an example of rapid change in an ecosystem. __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(56) 2. Give an example of slow change in an ecosystem. __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(56) 3. Succession is _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(56) 4. Primary succession is _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(57) 5. Secondary succession is _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(57) INCLUDE FIGURE 1.47 FROM PAGE 56 IN YOUR LOGBOOK 13 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 6. How do humans affect the environments around them? ____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(60) 7. What happened when land was cleared for farms? Include the information about the cowbird. ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(60) 8. Why were cowbirds and coyotes able to survive in the new habitats while songbirds and wolves couldn’t? _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(60) 9. What is a problem associated with using pesticides such as DDT? _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________(61) 10. Using natural enemies to control pests is called _________________________________(61) 11. Non-native species introduced to an ecosystem create ___________________________(61) 12. Introduced or exotic species are _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(63) 13. How can introduced species lead to problems? _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(63) 14. List the introduced species that have lead to problems mentioned on page 63. ____________ __________________________________________________________________________(63) 15. An organism is extinct if ___________________________________________________(64) 16. The main cause of extinction today is ________________________________________(64) 17. Some biologists think that in the future the main cause of extinction will be _____________ __________________________________________________________________________(64) 14 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 18. Another cause of extinction today is __________________________________________(64) 19. List Canada’s extinct species mentioned on page 64. ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(64) 20. List Canada’s endangered species mentioned on page 64. ____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(64) 21. What is “Operation Burrowing Owl”? ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(67) TOPIC 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CONCEPT DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION ecosystem monitoring indicator species baseline data permanent plots Environmental Impact Assessment 1. Environmental monitoring is a way ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(68) 2. Monitoring helps scientists understand ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(68) 15 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 3. List the different types of monitoring that can be done (figures 1.62 A,B,C and D) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(68) 4. An important part of monitoring programs is __________________________________ (68) 5. Two main times when environmental monitoring can begin are ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(69) 6. A key part of making environmental decisions is ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(69) 7. Amphibians make good indicator species because __________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (69) 8. In general we know __________________________________________________________ but this is changing as________________________________________________________(69) 9. To study amphibian health and overall populations ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(70) 10. Explain what the worldwide task force does. _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(70) 11. To determine the changes in an ecosystem after a major event it is important to __________ __________________________________________________________________________(74) 16 Science Focus 7 – Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems Study Guide 12. Baseline data gives scientists ___________________________________________________ It can also be used to_________________________________________________________(74) 13. An Environmental Impact Assessment outlines ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(74) 14. The Northern Rivers Basins region includes _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(78) 15. Aboriginal people living in the area depend on the land for ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(78) 16. The Northern River Basins Study was started to ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(78) 17. When the information was analyzed _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(78) 18. By understanding how _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(78) 17