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DNA that is all spread out in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell is called _______________ DNA that is all scrunched up into bundles in a dividing cell is called _______________ CHROMATIN CHROMOSOME Phase in which the cell has a nuclear membrane and nucleolus and DNA is spread out as chromatin “Log-like” structures in the centrosome area during animal cell division that help guide the chromosomes apart INTERPHASE CENTRIOLES Type of cell where you would expect to see a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis PLANT ANIMAL Tell the phases (in order) that make up mitosis Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis The 2 chromatid arms of a chromosome are held together in the center by a ____________________ CENTROMERE The area of the cell membrane that pinches together in an animal cell during cytokinesis is called the __________________ Tell the phases that make up interphase G1, S, G2 Phase where the DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disappears PROPHASE The area near the nucleus where centrioles are found that organizes the spindle CENTROSOME Phase of the cell cycle in which cells stop dividing altogether G0 CLEAVAGE FURROW Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell METAPHASE Part of interphase in which DNA is copied Phase of mitosis in which the chromatids separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell ANAPHASE Phase of the cell cycle in which cells grow bigger and carry out the functions needed to do their job S G1 Phase of the cell cycle in which cells make molecules and organelles needed for cell division G2 During this phase of mitosis the cytoplasm is split into 2 cells CYTOKINESIS Phase of mitosis in which the spindle and centrosomes/centrioles appear? PROPHASE Phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane returns and DNA unwinds? TELOPHASE Cells spend most of their lifetime in this phase of the cell cycle Interphase (G1) Instead of mitosis bacteria cells divide by a process called __________ BINARY FISSION Phase of mitosis in which the spindle and centrosomes/centrioles disappear? TELOPHASE Phase of mitosis that could be called “reverse prophase” ? TELOPHASE How is cytokinesis different in plant cells compared to animal cells? plants-cell plate; animals-cleavage furrow The requirement that cells be attached to a surface or part of a tissue in order to divide ANCHORAGE DEPENDENCE Name the tumor suppressor gene that is often mutated in cancer cells The spreading of a cancer cell to make a tumor in a new place METASTASIS A cell that stops dividing when it touches another cell is showing ________________. CONTACT INHIBITION Protective tips on the ends of a chromosome that grow shorter every time the DNA is copied P53 TELOMERES Name the enzyme that adds telomeres back onto chromosomes TELOMERASE How are telomeres different in a cancer cell compared to a normal cell of the same age? LONGER IN A CANCER CELL What happens to telomeres as cells age? They get shorter Organisms with 2 X chromosomes are ______________ male female Type of cell division which makes 2 cells identical to the parent cell Organisms with an Xy karyotype are _____________ male female Type of cell division which makes 4 cells with ½ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell MITOSIS MEIOSIS During oogenesis 4 cells are made but only 1 becomes a mature egg. The rest become __________ POLAR BODIES The production of sperm cells is called _________________ SPERMATOGENESIS The production of mature egg cells is called _________________ OOGENESIS Type of cell division used to repair injuries or replace damaged cells MITOSIS Type of cell division used to make gametes MEIOSIS The exchange of DNA among homologous chromosomes during prophase I Independent assortment happens during this phase of meiosis. CROSSING OVER Crossing over happens during this phase of meiosis PROPHASE I How is cytokinesis different in plant cells compared to animal cells? Plants have a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow like animal cells do A cell which contains only one copy of each kind of chromosome is 1n or _______________ HAPLOID Type of cell division in which the DNA is copied once but the cell divides twice MEIOSIS A cell which contains two copies of each chromosome is 2n or____________ DIPLOID The pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase I is called __________________ SYNAPSIS The group of 4 chromatids that form when homologous chromosomes pair up is called a _______________ Tell how interphase I and interphase II in meiosis are different. DNA is copied in interphase I but not in interphase II TETRAD Humans have ______ chromosomes. 23 pair ANAPHASE I The 2 chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex are called ________________________ or 46 SEX CHROMOSOMES The 44 other chromosomes in a human karyotype that don’t determine sex Type of reproduction in which the offspring comes from joining are called ________________ AUTOSOMES DNA from 2 parents SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Type of reproduction in which the come from only one parent ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Phase of meiosis where independent assortment happens Wall that forms in the middle of a plant cell during cytokinesis CELL PLATE Type of cell division in which crossing over and independent assortment happen ANAPHASE I Mitosis Name 2 ways genetic recombination happens during meiosis CROSSING OVER & INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT Type of cell division in which the daughter cells have different DNA than the parent cell mitosis meiosis If a body cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would you expect to see in a sperm or egg? 12 (1/2 the number) Meiosis Give an example of a gamete SPERM or EGG Type of cell division is which the chromosome number is cut in half mitosis meiosis Tell one thing a karyotype can show male or female Missing or extra chromosomes Chromosomes that are the same size, same shape, and carry genes for the same traits are called ____________ HOMOLOGOUS During meiosis _______________ form Because the cell divides unevenly and all of the cytoplasm ends up in one cell. POLAR BODIES Name a reason why cells divide Reproduction (bacteria) Repair injuries Replace damaged cells Growth of organism TRUE or FALSE Oogenesis produces 4 egg cells. (FALSE: 1 egg and 3 polar bodies) TELL 3 ways MEIOSIS is different from MITOSIS. TELL 3 ways MEIOSIS is different from MITOSIS. Use your comparison sheet to see if they are correct. Use your comparison sheet to see if they are correct. TELL 3 ways MEIOSIS is different from MITOSIS. TELL 3 ways MEIOSIS is different from MITOSIS. Use your comparison sheet to see if they are correct. Use your comparison sheet to see if they are correct.