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ISCI 2001 – Pre-Lesson Questions – The Solar System and Universe 1. All planets travel around the sun in an __________________ orbit. 2. What is an Astronomical Unit? What does it measure? 3. One Astronomical Unit measures approximately ______________ kilometers or the distance from the _____________ to the _______________. 4. The inner planets are referred to as the _______________ planets and the outer planets are called the ________________ planets. 5. Complete the table of the inner planets below: Planet Mean Distance from the Sun (AU) Orbital Period Characteristics (atmosphere, temperature, etc.) Mercury Venus Mars 6. Complete the table of the outer planets below: Planet Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Mean Distance from the Sun (AU) Orbital Period Characteristics (atmosphere, temperature, etc.) 7. Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet? 8. Energy is released in the core of the Sun through a process called _____________________. When this process is accompanied by high temperature within the sun it is referred to as ___________________________. 9. During thermonuclear fusion, four ________________ nuclei fuse together to form one ______________ nucleus. 10. The helium has _______________ % of the original hydrogen mass. The rest is converted to ______________ which leaves the core as _____________ and ________________ rays. It takes about a ______________ years for this energy to reach the surface of the sun. 11. Gases that emit energy from the sun’s surface in the form of visible ______________, _________________ light and _____________ radiation. 12. The outermost atmosphere of the sun is called the ___________________. As it extends out from the surface of the sun it forms the ________________ winds. 13. What are sunspots and how are they formed? 14. Describe how the moon was formed. 15. Name the phases of the moon beginning with the new moon . 16. Describe how a lunar eclipse is formed. 17. Explain how a solar eclipse occurs. 18. What is an asteroid? Why are they found in the asteroid belt? Where is the belt located? 19. Distinguish between a comet and meteoroid. 20. What is a ‘light year’? What does it measure? 21. The brightness of a star relates to how much ________________ a star produces, and its color indicates its ___________________________. 22. What is the difference between apparent brightness and luminosity? 23. The ________________________ diagram is a plot of luminosity versus ___________________________ of stars. 24. What is the main sequence of stars? 25. What are the characteristics of red giants? 26. What are the characteristics of white dwarfs?