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Chapter 15 – Origins of Islam Study Guide 30 vocabulary words Know: For what was the Mughal Empire known? Under which empire did the Arab Muslim Empire reach its greatest size? What are some factors that helped the Arab Muslims in their conquests? What concepts did Muslim scholars introduce to Europe? What two fields of learning have names which come from Arabic words? What is a feature usually not included in Muslim art and architecture? What features do nearly all Muslims mosques share? What term did the rulers of many non-Arab Muslims states use to refer to themselves? How is Sharia practiced in the modern world? What part of Europe had Arab Muslims conquered by 800AD? Where was the Safavid Empire located? For what was Rumi famous? What was the most powerful non-Arab Muslim empire? On what activities were economies of Muslim empires based? After what event did Muhammad begin preaching his beliefs in Mecca? What is the Hijra? Why did Muhammad move from Mecca to Medina? Besides the Quran what is the other main source of Islamic teaching that is seen as the sayings and actions of Muhammad? What group of Muslims is the largest, Sunni or Shia? What was the influence of Arabic numerals on Europe? What is the term for the holy pilgrimage to Mecca? How did Muhammad receiv his messages from God and where were they recorded? What is the purpose of Sharia? Describe the split in the Muslim community caused by the death of Muhammad? Which two groups helped spread Islamic faith and culture outside the Muslim world? Explain the 5 Pillars of Islam in detail. What are three significant achievements of Muslim scholars during the period we studied and how have they made lasting contributions to our understanding?