Download Historical Turning Points

WORLD HISTORY I REVIEW
Name: __________________
Directions: fill in all of the following blanks from your notes/tests/book.
Pre-history
 Homo Sapiens emerged in A____________ between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago.
 Homo Sapiens m____________ from Africa to E________________, A________________ and the Americas.
 Early humans were h______________-g_______________ who depended on wild animals/ plants.
Hunter Gatherer Societies during the Paleolithic Era (Old _______ Age)
 Were ______________ who moved from place to place in search of food, water and shelter
 Invented the first ______________, including simple w____________________.
 Learned how to make and use f_____________.
 Lived in c_______________ (grouping of people).
 Developed ________________ language.
 Created _____________-art (Example = Lascaux, France)
Societies during the N__________________ Era (New Stone Age)
 Developed a_________________ in the Neolithic Revolution.
 Domesticated _____________________.
 Used advanced _________________.
 Made p_______________ to store food and water.
 Developed weaving skills.
 A________________ are the scientists that study past cultures by digging up and analyzing human remains, fossils
and artifacts.
 C_____________-dating is how archaeologists date artifacts.
River Valley Civilizations
 About 3500 to 500 B.C.
 ________________ civilization – Nile River Valley
 Mesopotamian civilization- T____________ and E______________ river valleys.
 Indian civilization- I_____________ river valley (South Asia)
 Chinese civilization- H___________ H______ river valley (East Asia)
 These river valleys offered rich soils for ________________, and they tended to be in locations easily protected from
__________________ by nomadic people.
Other early Civilizations (about 2000 to 500 B.C.)
 Hebrews settled between the M____________________ Sea and the J___________ river.
 P_______________ settled along the M_______________ Seacoast. Ports of Tyre and Sidon.
 Kush was located on the upper Nile River ( below Egypt on map)
Social, Political and Economic characteristics of early civilizations
 Hereditary r_________________ (kings, pharaohs).
 Rigid c__________________ system with slavery at the bottom.
 World’s first states (_______________-states), kingdoms and empires.
 C________________ government often based on r_______________ authority.
 Written law codes (the T_________ C_________________ , and the Code of H_________________ )
 M_____________ tools and weapons (bronze and iron)
 Increasing _______________ surplus (due to better tools, plows and irrigation)
 Increasing ______________ along rivers and sea by P__________________.
 Developed world’s first cities.
 Specialization of labor.
 Religious tradition practiced by most early civilizations was __________theism.
 __________theism practiced by Hebrews.
 Origins of Judaism
Ab______________
M_______________
Jerusalem
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Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Judaism
 Belief in one ____________ (monotheism)
 T____________, which contains the records and beliefs of the Hebrews.
 Ten C_________________, which state moral and religious conduct.
 Spread of Judaism, EXILE and DIASPORA
Language and Writing
 Pictograms (earliest w_____________ symbols)
 H___________________ were used for writing in Egypt.
 Cuneiform was created and used in S_________________.
 The first alphabet, purple dye and sailboats were all made by the P__________________.
Persians as Rulers
 Tolerance of c_________________ people
 Development of imperial b_________________ (different people in government do different jobs).
 Z___________________ was the dualistic religion.
 Royal Road System
Physical Features of India
 Physical barriers such as the Himalayas, the H_____________ K_________ and the Indian Ocean made invasion
more difficult.
 Mountain passes like the K__________ Pass in the Hindu Kush provided invasion routes to the Indian subcontinent.
 The _______________ and the _______________ Rivers were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent.
 The two early cities of Indian civilization with sewers and baked-brick houses were M_________________ &
H_________________
Aryan (Indo-Aryans) Invasion
 Aryans invaded India from the northwest and d________________ the natives.
 Created a rigid c_____________ s______________ with four levels: priests, gov’t leaders, merchants & laborers.
Gupta Empire
 Golden Age of classical Indian culture
 Contributions-mathematics, new textiles, literature
Hinduism
 The c____________ s_____________ was a religious system based on occupations.
 H__________________: Belief that all things are forms of one major god or spirit.
 R__________________: cycles of rebirth tied to dharma of caste system.
 K____________: Future reincarnation and lessons based on Present behavior.
 V___________ and U__________________ were the sacred writings
Buddhism
 Founder : S_____________ G_______________ (aka Buddha)
 F__________ Noble T_____________ are the beliefs taught by Buddha.
 The way to Enlightenment (or n____________) is called the E_______________ Path.
 The Emperor A______________ sent missionaries to spread Buddhism from India to other parts of Asia.
China In General
 The _____________ Wall of ___________ was built by Emperor Q_____ ______ _______________ as a line of
defense against invasions. China was governed by a succession of ruling families called dynasties that served under
a M______________ of H_____________ only as long as their rule was just.
 The ________________ Roads facilitated trade between China and other cultures as far away as Rome.
Contributions of Classical China
 P__________________ (what this is written on)
 P__________________ (made from kaolin, white clay)
 S_____________ (thread from worms)
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Contributions of Confucianism in forming the social order in China
 Belief that humans are ___________ not ____________.
 Respect for __________________ and a code of politeness, still used in ____________ today.
 Emphasis on __________________.
 A________________ worship.
 Civil ________________ system based on Five Classics.
Contributions of Taoism (Daoism) in forming Chinese culture and values
 Humility
 Simple life and Inner ________________
 Harmony with _______________.
 Y_________-Y__________ symbol represents opposites for both Confucianism and Taoism.
 Chinese forms of Buddhism spread throughout Asia.
Ancient Greeks
 Location: A______________ Sea, Greek peninsula, Europe and ___________ Minor (I___________ coast).
 M______________ Sea.
 B__________ Sea
 Most important city-states: A__________, S___________, T___________ (site of Trojan War)
 M______________, home of Philip II and Alexander the Great
Economic and Social Development
 Agriculture (limited ________________ land) focused on goods like olives, grapes, and figs.
 C_____________ (Trade) and spread of Hellenic culture
 Shift from barter to money economy (coins)
Political Development
 Mountainous terrain both helped and hindered the development of the city-state, called a p_____________.
 Greek cities focused on commercial and political life in the a____________ (market-place).
 Colonization related to over-p_______________ and the search for arable l__________ to grow grain.
Greek Mythology
 Based on _______________ religion
 Explained natural phenomenon, human q_____________ and life events.
Greek Gods and Goddesses (list their powers/responsibilities below)

, Head Greek God.

, Wife of head Greek God.

, Goddess of Love.

, God of the Sun.

, Goddess of Wisdom and protector of Athens.
 Use of mythological beings as symbols and images in Western literature, art, monumental architecture and politics.
Social structure and citizenship in the Greek polis
 Citizens: only f______________ a______________ males had the political right and responsibility of participation in
government.
 Women, f______________ and s____________ had no political rights.
Athens
 Stages in evolution of Athenian government: M______________, O______________, T_____________,
D_______________.
 Two most important tyrants who worked for reform: D_____________ and S______________.
 Origin of democratic principles: d______________ democracy, public d_____________, duties of the citizen.
Sparta
 O_____________, rule by a small group
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

Rigid social structure: citizens, non-__________________ and h_____________ (slaves).
Militaristic and aggressive: only warriors could be c_______________.
Importance of Persian Wars (499-449BC)
 Persian wars united Athens and ____________ against the ______________ Empire.
 Athenian victories at Marathon and S______________ left Greeks in control of the A____________ Sea.
 Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.
Importance of Peloponnesian War (431-404BC)
 Athens and the D______________ League versus Sparta and the P___________________ League for domination of
the Greek world.
 Resulted in the slowing of cultural advance and the weakening of political power.
Golden Age of Pericles (between Persian/Peloponnesian wars)
 Pericles extended D_______________ so that most adult males had equal voice in government.
 Rebuilt Athens after Persian wars: the P____________ (Athena’s temple on the Acropolis) is an example.
Contributions of Greek Culture to Western Civilization
 Drama: A________________, Sophocles
 Poetry: Homer (the Iliad and the _____________)
 History : H_______________ , Thucydides
 Sculpture: Phidias
 Architecture: 3 column types (D__________, I___________ and C_______________). Draw the top of each
column:
 Science: Ar____________ and Hippocrates
 Math: E____________, Py______________
 Philosophy: S_____________, Plato, A____________
Phillip II, King of Macedonia
 Conquered most of G_____________ after the Peloponnesian War.
Alexander the Great
 Established an empire from Greece to E___________ and the margins of I__________.
 Extended G_____________ cultural influences.
Hellenistic Age
 Blend of G_____________ and Or_____________ elements.
 Spread of Hellenistic Culture through c_______________ d________________.
Rome
 Located in M_________________ Sea, which provided protection and maritime t_______________.
 Distant from eastern Mediterranean Powers.
 On Italian p__________________.
 Protected by A_____________ Mountains on Northern front.
 Mythology based on G_____________ religion.
 Mythology explained natural phenomenon, human qualities and life events.
Roman Gods and Goddesses (list powers/responsibilities below)

, Head Roman God.

, Wife of head Roman God.

, God of the Sun.

, Goddess of Love and Beauty.

, Goddess of the Hunt.

, Goddess of War.
 Use of mythological beings as symbols and images in Western literature, art, monumental architecture and politics.
Roman Social Structure (define each word below)

, Powerful nobility (few in numbers).
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

, Majority of the population.
, Not based on race.
Citizenship in the Republic
 Patrician and Plebian men
 Selected foreigners
 Responsibilities of citizens included v____________, t__________ and military _____________.
Features of Early Roman Democracy
 R___________________ democracy
 Assembly had the power to ________________________________________________________.
 The Senate had the power to ________________________________________________________.
 Consuls had the power to ________________________________________________________________________.
 Roman law was first codified in the T ______________ T______________.
Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage (264-146 BC)
 Rome and Carthage were competing at first for t___________ and l__________.
 Carthage’s greatest general, H_______________, invaded Italian peninsula but was defeated by S___________.
 Three wars resulted in R_____________ victory, the destruction of C________________ and the expanded trade
and wealth for R__________.
Evolution of the Roman Empire and the spread of Roman Culture
 Mediterranean basin (Af_________, A_________, E__________, including the Hellenistic world of the
E____________ Mediterranean basin.
 In Western Europe they controlled S___________, G_________ (modern France) & British Isles
Causes for the decline of the Roman Republic (why the shift from democracy to empire?)
 Spread of S________________ in the agricultural system.
 Migration of s_____________ f_______________ into the cities led to u________________.
 Civil war between Marius & Sulla and later over the power of Julius ______________.
 Devaluation of Roman currency: inflation.
The Origin and evolution of Imperial Rome.
 The first Triumvirate included C____________________, C____________________, and P____________________.
 Julius Caesar: made d______________ then assassinated by Senate.
 Augustus Caesar: defeated Marc A____________ and L_______________ to become Rome’s first emperor.
 Augustus unified the Empire and using imperial authority and the m________________.
 Failure to provide for the peaceful succession of Emperors.
The Pax Romana
 Two c______________ of peace and prosperity under imperial rule.
 Expansion and solidification of the R_____________ Empire, particularly in the Near East.
Economic, social and political Impact of Pax Romana
 Established uniform system of coinage, which helped expand t______________.
 Guaranteed safe travels and trade on Roman r____________.
 Promoted stability and prosperity.
 Returned stability to social classes.
 Increased emphasis on the family.
 Created a c_____________ service system.
 Developed a uniform rule of law.
Origins of Christianity
 Had roots in J_________________.
 Led by J_______________ of Nazareth who was proclaimed the M________________.
 Conflicted with p______________ beliefs of Roman Empire.
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Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Christianity
 E______________ Monotheism
 Jesus as both S_______ and incarnation of God.
 Life after d______________.
 New Testament includes the Four G___________ telling about Jesus’ life and teachings.
 Christian ______________ established by early church councils like the Council of N___________.
Spread of Christianity
 Carried by the Apostles, including P___________, throughout the Roman Empire.
 Slowed as a result of p______________ by the Roman authorities.
 Adopted and legalized by Emperor C__________________.
Impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman Empire.
 Church became example of moral authority.
 Loyalty to the church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor.
 Church became main u______________ factor of Western Europe.
Contributions of Ancient Rome
 Art and Architecture: Pantheon, C_______________, F__________.
 Technology: Roads, aq___________, Roman arches
 Science: Pt____________.
 M_____________: emphasis on public health, public baths, public water systems, medical schools
 Language: L______________ and Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese).
 Literature: Virgil’s A_______________.
 Religion: Roman mythology and later the adoption of Christianity as the imperial religion.
 Law: the principle of i______________ until proven g______________ (from the Twelve Tables)
Causes for the decline of the Western Roman Empire
 Economy—inflation from cost of defense and the devaluation of Roman c_____________.
 Military—army made up of foreign conscripts, resulting in decline of d____________ to Rome.
 Moral Decay—People’s loss of faith in Rome and the family
 Political problems—civil c______________ and weak administration.
 B_____________ invasions—attacks on borders by outsiders.
Division of Roman Empire
 Move of capital by C______________ from Rome to B________________, renaming it Constantinople.
 Survival of Western Roman Empire until ________ A.D. when it was ended by Ostrogoths.
 Eastern Roman Empire became known as the B_______________ Empire.
Location of Constantinople
 Protection of the Eastern Frontier
 Distance from b_______________ invasions in the western empire
 C_________________ of trade.
 Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering natural harbor.
Role of Constantinople
 Seat of Byzantine Empire until conquest by O______________ Turks.
 Preserved classical Greco-Roman Culture for almost 1,000 years after the fall of Rome.
Byzantine Emperor Justinian
 Justinian’s c_______________ of Roman law in four parts had impact on modern European legal codes.
 Reconquest of former R______________ territories
 Expansion of t_______________.
Byzantine Achievements in Art and Architecture
 Inspiration provided by C_________________ religion and imperial p_______________.
 Icons = r_______________ i________________
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

Mosaics = _____________________________________
Hagia Sophia = _________________________________
Byzantine Culture
 Continued flourishing of Greco-R___________ traditions.
 Greek language as compared with L____________ in the west.
 Greek O_________________ Christianity.
 Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine l__________________.
Eastern Church
 Centered in C______________________, close to seat of power of Byzantium.
 Use of G________________ language in the liturgy.
Western Church
 Centered in R_______________.
 Farther from seat of power of Byzantium.
 Used L_____________ language in the liturgy.
Division between Western and Eastern Churches
 Authority of the P___________ eventually accepted in the West but not East.
 Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted in the West.
Influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe and Russia
 Trade routes between Black and B_____________ Sea (northern Europe).
 Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by R_____________ and much of Eastern Europe.
 Adaptation of Greek Alphabet to the S______________ languages by St. Cyril (C_______________ alphabet)
 Church architecture and religious art.
Origins of Islam
 Muhammed, the P________________ of Allah.
 M______________ and M_________________ on the Arabian Peninsula: Holy Cities of Islam.
Spread of Islam
 Across Asia and Africa and into Sp___________.
 Geographic extent of first Muslim Empire.
Beliefs, traditions and customs of Islam
 Monotheism ( A____________, Arabic word for “God”)
 Quran (Koran): The word of G____________.
 Five Pillars of Islam: ________________________________, _____________________________,
___________________________, _________________________, and ____________________________,
 Acceptance of Judeo-C_______________ prophets including Moses and J_____________.
Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam
 Diffusion along the t_____________ routes from M_____________ to M_______________.
 Expansion despite great distances, d______________ environments and mountain barriers.
 Spread into Fertile C______________, Iran, and Central Asia, facilitated by weak Byzantine and P________ empires.
Geographic influences on economic, social and political development
 Political Unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived.
 A_____________ language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands.
 Slavery was not based on r__________.
Historical Turning Points
 Islam divided into two major parts: S__________ Islam and Shi’a Islam.
 Muslim conquest of cities of J____________ and D______________.
 Muslim defeat by the Franks in southwestern France at the Battle of ____________.
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Cultural contributions and Achievements
 Architecture: Dome of the R___________ in Jerusalem.
 Mosaics
 A____________ alphabet
 Universities and libraries promoted learning.
 Translation of ancient Greek and Roman texts into A_____________ language.
Scientific contributions and achievements
 Arabic numerals (adapted from I____________), including zero.
 Form of math (A_____________) named after Islamic scholar.
 Medicine
 Expansion of geographic knowledge.
Foundations of early medieval society
 Classic h________________ of Rome
 C_________________ beliefs
 Customs of G_____________ tribes
Influence of the Roman Catholic Church
 Roman imperial authority de_______________ while church authority in_______________.
 M__________________ (where monks live) preserved the Greco-Roman Cultural Achievements
 M________________ carried Christianity and the L____________ alphabet to Germanic Tribes.
 The Pope anointed C____________________ as the Holy Roman Emperor in 800 A.D.
 Parish priests served religious and social needs of the people.
Feudal society during the Middle Ages (define terms below)

: an estate granted by a lord in exchange for service and loyalty

: a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord

: peasant bound to the lord’s land
 f
o
: loyalty, taxes & military service.
Manorial system during the Middle Ages
 Rigid class structure
 Self-s_________________ manors
Age of Charlemagne
 The F________________ emerged as a force in Western Europe
 Pope crowned the Holy R_______________ E__________________.
 Power of the church was established in political institutions.
 Roman culture (learning, art and literature) was re______________.
Areas of Settlement
 Angles and S____________ from Continental Europe to E______________.
 Magyars from Central A_________ to Hungary.
 Vikings from Sc__________________ along rivers and sea coasts throughout Europe and Russia.
Influence of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars and Vikings
 Manors with c____________ provided protection from invaders, reinforcing the feudal system.
 Invasions disrupted t________________, towns declined and the feudal system was strengthened.
Major Trade patterns of the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 AD
 S_______________ roads across Asia to the Mediterranean Sea
 M_____________ routes across the Indian Ocean
 Trans-S______________ routes across North Africa
 Northern European links with the B___________ Sea and Byzantine Empire.
 Western European sea and river trade.
 South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia.
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How Trade Facilitates the diffusion of goods and ideas among different cultures
 Gold from W_________ Africa.
 Spices from lands around the I___________ Ocean.
 Textiles from India, C____________, the Middle E__________ and later Europe
 Porcelain from C___________ and Persia.
 Paper from China through the M____________ world to Byzantium and W______________ Europe.
 New crops from India (e.g. sugar cane for making sugar)
 Navigation - compass from C___________ and lateen sail from I_____________ Ocean.
Spread of Religions and stuff
 Buddhism from C_____________ to Korea and Japan.
 H_______________ and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia.
 Islam into W__________ Africa & Central and Southeast Asia
 Printing and paper money from China
Japan
 Mountainous Japanese ar_________________ (four main islands)
 Sea of J________________ (aka East Sea) between Japan and Asian mainland.
 Proximity to China and K________________.
 Influence of Chinese on Japan includes: writing, architecture and Buddhism.
Shinto
 Ethnic religion unique to J______________.
 Importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors
 State Religion: worshipping the E___________________ as descendant of Sun god.
 Co-existence with B_________________.
Sub-Saharan Africa during the medieval period
 Axum—located in modern-day E___________________, was a C_________________ kingdom.
 Zimbabwe—located around the Zambezi and L_______________ rivers and the I__________ Ocean coast, had the
City of “Great Z_______________” as capital of a prosperous empire.
 West African kingdoms; Location of G____________, M____________, and Songhai empires around the Niger River
and the S_______________ desert.
 Importance of g_________ and s___________ to trans-Saharan trade.
 City of Timbuktu as center of t____________ and l______________.
 Most Africans practiced religions of a_______________ and Islam.
Mayan Civilization
 Located in the M_______________ and Central A_______________ rain forest.
 Represented by city of C____________ I_________.
 Group of c__________-s_____________ ruled by a king.
 Economy based on a_______________ and trade.
 Polytheistic r________________ encouraged Mayans to build large p_____________.
Aztec Civilization
 Located in arid valley in Central M_________________.
 Represented by major city of T___________________.
 Ruled by an e__________________.
 Economy based on large-scale a________________.
 P______________ religion based on warfare, also built pyramids
Incan Civilization
 Located in the A___________ mountains of South America
 Represented by the city of M____________ P_____________.
 Ruled by an e____________________.
 Economy based on high altitude a____________________.
 P__________________ religion
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
R__________ (transportation route) system connected parts of empire.
Achievements of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations
 Calendars
 Mathematics (counting system based on the q___________ , or knotted rope - Inca)
 Writing Systems
How European Nation-States expanded their territories and consolidated power
 William the C_______________, leader of the N______________ Conquest, united most of E_______________.
 Common law had its beginnings during the reign of H_______________ II.
 King John signed the M___________ C____________, limiting the King’s power over Parliament and citizens.
 The H_______________ Years’ War between England and France helped define England & France as separate
nations with different governments and cultures.
 Hugh C____________ established the French throne in the city of P_______ and his dynasty gradually expanded
their control over most of France.
 Joan of A__________ was a unifying factor in France.
 In Spain, Ferdinand and I_______________ unified the country and expelled the Muslim M__________.
 Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under King P______________ II of Spain.
 In Russia, Ivan the G____________ threw off the rule of the M_____________, centralized power in the city of
M_______________ and expanded the Russian nation.
 Russian imperial power was centralized in the hands of the emperor, called a C__________ (or Tsar).
 The R______________ O_______________ Church influenced unification.
Key events and effects of the Crusades
 Pope U____________’s speech helped start the Crusades.
 The capture of the holy city of J__________________ was an important goal.
 European nobles founded Crusader States in conquered lands.
 Loss of J________________ to Saladin.
 Sack of C_____________________ by western Crusaders.
 Crusades weakened the P__________ and Europe’s nobles; strengthened European m_________________.
 Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean and the Middle E____________.
 Left a legacy of bitterness among C_________________, J_____________, and Muslims.
 Weakened the B___________________ Empire.
Effects of Mongol invasions
 Invaded R____________________, C________________ and Muslim States in Southwest Asia, destroying cities
and countryside.
 Created an enormous empire.
Constantinople
 Fell to the O_______________ Turks in 1453, ending the B_________________ empire.
 Became capital of the O__________________ Empire.
Impact of the Black Death
 Decline of almost 1/3 in Europe’s p ____________________.
 Scarcity of labor.
 Towns freed from f______________ obligations became independent.
 Decline of c_______________ influence.
 Disruption of trade.
How European Scholars interpreted and valued ancient learning
 Church Scholars were among the very few who could r__________ and write.
 Worked in Monasteries
 Translated Greek and Arabic works into L___________.
 Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science from Muslims available in Europe.
 Laid the foundation for the rise of universities in Europe.
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Economic effects of the Crusades
 Increased demand for M______________ Eastern luxury products.
 Stimulated productions of goods to trade in Middle E____________ markets.
 Encouraged the use of credit and b_____________.
 Tension between the Church rule against usury and banks’ practice of charging i______________ helped to
secularize Northern Italy.
 Letters of c_______________ served to expand the supply of money and make trade easier and faster.
 New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of A_____________ numerals) were introduced.
Florence, Venice and Genoa
 Cities had access to M__________________ S__________ (body of water) connecting Europe with Middle Eastern
markets.
 Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to Northern E______________.
 Were initially independent city-s__________ governed as republics.
Machiavelli’s The Prince
 An early modern t______________ on government.
 Supported ab______________ power of the ruler.
 Maintains that the e_________ justifies the m_______________.
 Advises that one should do g________ if possible, but do e________ when necessary.
Renaissance
 Medieval art and literature focused on C______________ and salvation; Renaissance art and literature focused on
powerful individuals and worldly matters along with Greco-Roman matters and C__________________.
 Leonardo da Vinci paintings: M___________ L___________ and the Last S________________.
 Michelangelo: Ceiling of the S_____________ C____________ and statue of D____________.
 Petrarch- Sonnets, h_____________ scholarship
Humanism
 Celebrated the i__________________
 Stimulated the study of G_____________ and R_____________ literature and culture.
 Was supported by wealthy p______________.
Northern Renaissance
 Growing wealth in Northern E_____________ supported Renaissance ideas.
 N. Renaissance thinkers merged h_______________ ideas with C________________.
 The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (G_________________ Bible) helped spread
ideas.
 Erasmus—The Praise of _________________ (1511 book).
 Sir Thomas Moore- U_________________ (1516 book).
 Northern Renaissance artists painted religious as well as s_____________ subjects.
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