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Chapters 8 and 10 Cell Division and DNA Review 1. The sequence of events such as growth and reproduction in a cell is called _________________. List and describe the five stages of the cell cycle: ___________________________________________________________. 2. Most of a cell’s life (G1, S, and G2) is spent in _____________________. 3. To fit in a cell _____ must wrap tightly around proteins in. 4. ____________________ is the process by which bacteria divide. 5. ___________________ are identical halves of a chromosome. 6. ___________________ is the protein disk attaching the chromatids together in a chromosome. 7. ________________ cells include body cells (cells other than sperm and egg). 8. Diploid number is 12. Haploid number is ______. 9. ______________________: results in each new cell after cytokinesis having an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell 10. After mitosis of a typical human cell (46 chromosomes), the new cells will have _____ chromosomes. 11. Identify the following as Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. 1. 3. 5. _____________ 2. _______________ ________________ 4. _________________ __________________________ 12. List 1-4 on question 11 in the correct order of the phases in mitotic process. 13. ______________________: first and longest phase of mitosis; chromatin coils to become visible chromosomes; centrioles and spindle fibers form. 14. ______________________: second and shortest phase of mitosis; spindle fibers attach to centromeres; sister chromatids arranged along the equator. 15. ______________________: third phase; centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles. 16. ______________________: fourth phase; chromosomes uncoil, spindles broken down, nuclear envelope reappears; cytokinesis begins 17. ____________________ is the splitting of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells. Animal cells: _____________ forms. Plant cells: _____________ forms. 18. Control of the cell cycle occurs at three main ___________________. 19. What is cancer? Why does it occur? Describe the two types of tumors. 20. Where are the genetic instructions of life found? What does DNA stand for ? What is a nucleotide? What does a nucleotide of DNA consist of? What part of DNA molecule is the name for DNA derived from? 20. What two scientists discovered the structure of DNA? 21. Adenine bonds with _______________. Guanine bonds with _____________. 22. The two strands of DNA are said to be _____________________ due to the strict pairing rule pairing nitrogen bases. 23. What is the structure of DNA referred as? Describe the general structure (how are the parts connected?). What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases together? 24. When is DNA copied? What is the process that ensures that a complete copy of DNA is available in the two daughter cells? 25. Describe replication of DNA. 26. Errors in DNA ____________ can cause mutations, cancer, and genetic variations 27. What enzyme unzips and breaks the bonds between the nitrogen bases in the DNA? What enzyme attaches new nitrogen bases and reads the DNA? 28. How is RNA different from DNA? A is complementary to _________________ in RNA. 29. Name the three types of RNA. What type of RNA carries the instructions for making proteins to the ribosomes? Which type of RNA transfers amino acids to ribosomes? 30. Code the following: DNA: AGG-TAT-CCC-GAG-CTA mRNA: tRNA: 30 Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA is called a _______________. Each nucleotide triplet in tRNA is called an __________________. 31 ___________________________ is the process by which genetic information in DNA is transferred to an mRNA molecule. 32 _______________________ is the process in which a ribosome binds to mRNA and a protein is made. During translation the mRNA is paired with ___________. 33 _________________ bonds form between amino acids to form a protein. 34 The human genome contains _______________________ genes.