Download File - Earth Science Introduction

Name:_______________
Date:____________
Period:____
Study Guide for the Final Exam
Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics p. 190-205
___1 .The global positioning system can map the rate of tectonic plate movement using
a. radio waves.
b.
lasers. c. visual markers. d. motion detectors.
___2.Tectonic plates consist of
a. continental crust. b. oceanic crust. c. mesosphere. d. both continental and oceanic crust.
___3. A possible result of plates moving along a transform boundary is
a. oceans. b. convection. c. earthquakes. d. sea-floor spreading.
___4. The part of the Earth that is molten is the
a. crust . b. inner core . c. outer core . d. mantle.
___ 5.Tectonic plates “float” on
a. the ocean.
b. the mantle. c.
the asthenosphere. d.
the lithosphere.
___6.Earthquakes produce
a. seismographs b. maps. c. seismic waves.
d.
volcanoes.
___ 7. Harry Hess was geologist who came up with the theory of _______________________.
a. continental drift. b. magnetic reversal. c. magnetic minerals.
d. sea-floor spreading.
___ 8.Continental-oceanic collisions can also be called
a. continental-continental collisions. b. divergent boundaries. c. oceanic-oceanic collisions. d.
subduction zones.
___ 9.The Global Positioning System depends on
a.gravity. b.
satellites. c. the Internet.
d.
visual observations.
___10. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a
a. reverse fault. b. strike-slip fault . c. normal fault.
d. divergent plate boundary
___11. Seismic waves travel through Earth’s layers at different speeds depending on the
a. density. b.area. c. mass. d.
shape.
____12. The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of
a. global positioning. b. continental drift.
c.
magnetic reversal. d. oceanic drifts.
___13. The mantle is denser than the crust because it contains more
a. iron.
b. silicon.
c. magnesium.
d. oxygen.
___ 14 . Alfred Wegener was a:
a.
geologist. b. biologist. c. astronomer. d. meteorologist.
____ 15. Magnetic reversals are preserved in
a. compass needles. b.
magnetic minerals. c. all minerals. d. continental crust.
___ 16. An early hypothesis that eventually led to the Theory of Plate Tectonics was:
a.the Elastic Rebound Theory of G.K. Gilbert in the early 1900's. b."Theory of the Earth" by James Hutton, 1788.
c.Seafloor Spreading by Harry Hess, 1962.
d. all of these.
____ 17 The age of the seafloor is relatively young because:
a.it is continuously generated at mid-ocean ridges.
b. it is continuously destroyed at subduction zones.
c.both of the above.
d. none of the above
____ 18. Scientists rejected Wegener’s theory because he could not
a. explain why continental crust was denser that oceanic crust
b. describe the climate of Pangaea
c. explain what force pushes or pulls continents
d. describe how seeds moved from Africa to South America
____ 19. Which of the following is associated with transform boundaries?
a.slab pull
b. sea-floor spreading c. magnetic reversal d.
earthquakes
Short answer question(s) on Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics p. 190-205
20
What is it called when Earth’s magnetic poles change places ?
21
What can tectonic plates form when they converge?
22
When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure, what does it change into?
23
Earth’s core consists mainly of ________________.
24
How is the deep interior of the Earth mapped?
Name:_______________
Date:____________
Period:____
25
Wegener thought that all the continents were once together in one large continent called______________.
26
New oceanic lithosphere forms as a result of_______________ -spreading.
27
Evidence for sea-floor spreading has come from _______-_______ ridges.
28
Another name for the outermost layer of the Earth is ______________________.
29
What is the liquid layer of the Earth’s core called?
30
What is the area where two tectonic plates meet called?
31
What type of boundary is formed when plates collide?
32
What type of boundary is formed when plates separate?
33
What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other?
34
List the four types of evidence for continental drift.
35
Harry Hess was a _________________ scientist.
36
Where does sea-floor spreading take place?
37
Sets of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other are known as_______________.
38
What does the theory of continental drift explain?
39
What can tectonic plates form when they converge?
Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 3: Mineral of the Crust & Chapter 4 Rocks: Mineral Mixture p. 64-111
____ 40.Which of the following rocks is not normally used as a construction material?
a.
marble b. limestone c.
halite
d.
granite
____ 41.Which of the following processes changes rock on Earth’s surface?
a. metamorphism b. compaction c. erosion
d. cementation
____42. Scientists classify rocks
a. by composition and texture. b. by mass.
c. by volume.
d. by color and size.
____43. Which kind of rock has a name that comes from a Latin word that means “fire”?
a. igneous b. metasedimentary
c. metamorphic d. sedimentary
____44. Which of the following are ways magma is formed?
a. by compaction and cementation b.
by melting and cooling
c. by weathering and erosion
____ 45. Which process forms sediment?
a. weathering
b. compaction c. cementation
d.
deposition
Name:_______________
Date:____________
Period:____
____ 46.The process in which rocks change shape is called
a. deformation. b. composition. c.
deposition.
d.
foliation.
____ 47. How did humans use rocks in the past?
a. to play sports b. to write c . to tell time
d.
to make tools
____48.What has to increase for metamorphism to occur
a. weathering and erosion
b. melting and cooling c.
temperature and pressure d. compaction and cementation
____ 49. Besides weathering and erosion, what other forces shape the Earth’s features?
a. deposition and uplift
b. cementation and melting
c. exfoliation and foliation
____ 50. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?
a. It is formed in nature. b.
It has a crystalline structure.
c. It is a living material.
d.
It is a solid.
____ 51. Which of the following is NOT true of metallic minerals?
a. They have shiny surfaces. b. They do not conduct heat well. c.
They do not let light pass through them.
____52. A silicate mineral must contain
a.silicon and oxygen. b.
carbon and hydrogen. c. oxygen and carbon. d.
silicon and carbon.
____ 53. Nonsilicate minerals
a. do not contain oxygen. b. all have a nonmetallic luster. c. include native elements. d. are all rare substances.
____ 54. Halides form when fluorine, chlorine, iodine, or bromine combine with any of the following elements EXCEPT
a. sodium.
b. calcium. c. potassium.
d.
oxygen.
____55 Halides and oxides are classes of
a. silicate materials. b.micas.
c.native elements.
d. nonsilicate minerals.
Short answer question(s) on Chapter 3: Mineral of the Crust & Chapter 4 Rocks: Mineral Mixture p. 64-111
56
During the rock cycle, what forms when magma cools?
57
How does clastic sedimentary rock begin?
58
What are the two major groups of minerals?
59
What are the main categories of sedimentary rock?
60
How do scientists classify rocks?
61
When magma cools quickly, what kind of texture does rock have?
62 What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools slowly?
63 What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools rapidly?
64 What kind of rock is formed when magma intrudes into other rock?
65 What are strata?
66 What kind of sedimentary rock can be cemented together by calcite or quartz?
67 What kind of sedimentary rock is made from dissolved minerals?
68 Besides texture, how else are rocks classified?
69 What kind of rock is formed from lava that cools on the Earth’s surface?
70 What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils?
71 What is the process called in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers?
72 Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of_____________________ and _____________________.
Name:_______________
Date:____________
Period:____
73 What force changes rock on Earth’s surface?
74 When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure, what does it change into?
75
What kinds of mines are open pit and quarry mines?
Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 15 The Atmosphere & Chapter 16 Understanding Weather p. 448-503
____76.Which answer best describes Earth’s atmosphere?
a.mostly oxygen with about 21% nitrogen b. mostly nitrogen with about 21% oxygen
____77. What are the two highest layers of the atmosphere?
a. troposphere, mesosphere b. stratosphere, thermosphere c. thermosphere, mesosphere
____78. How much energy radiated by the sun reaches Earth?
a. about 80%
b.
about two-billionths c.
about 50%
d.
about one one-hundredth
____79. Energy transferred as electromagnetic waves is called
a. thermal conduction. b.
convection. c.
radiation.
d.
convection current.
____80. Energy transferred as heat through a material is called
a. thermal conduction. b.
convection. c.
radiation.
d.
convection current.
____81. Thermal energy transferred by circulation of a liquid or gas is called
a. thermal conduction.
b.
convection. c.
radiation.
d.convection current.
____82. One reason for global warming may be
a. decreasing global gases.
b.
increasing greenhouse gases. c.
increasing global gases.
____83. What causes differences in air pressure around the Earth?
a. Warm air rises at the equator and cold air sinks at the poles.
b. Warm air sinks at the equator and cold air rises at the poles.
c. Warm air rises at the equator and cold air rises at the poles.
d. Cold air rises at the equator and warm air sinks at the poles.
____84. In the Northern Hemisphere, winds traveling north appear to curve to the east because of the
a. trade winds. b. coriolis effect. c.
convection currents.
d.
polar easterlies.
____85. When the atmosphere is contaminated by pollutants from human and natural sources it is called
a.primary pollution.
b. air pollution. c. secondary pollution.
d.
killer fog.
____86. Carbon monoxide, dust, and smoke from forest fires that are put directly into the air are called
a. smog.
b.
secondary pollutants. c.
primary pollutants. d.
killer fog.
____87. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?
a. carbon monoxide b. ozone
c.
chemicals from paint
d.
vehicle exhaust
____88. What is the major source of human-caused air pollution?
a. animal waste
b.
vehicle exhaust c. industrial chemicals
d.
dry-cleaning businesses
____89. What happens when air reaches its dew point?
a. Condensation occurs.
b.
The humidity decreases. c. Relative humidity is 100%. d.
Clouds form.
____90. The most powerful storms on Earth are
a. tornadoes.
b.
hurricanes. c.
thunderstorms.
d.
hailstorms.
____91. A storm surge is a dangerous part of
a.a tornado. b.
the water cycle. c.
a thunderstorm. d.
a hurricane.
Short answer question(s) on Chapter 15 The Atmosphere & Chapter 16 Understanding Weather p. 448-503
92
A maritime polar air mass that forms over the North Pacific Ocean brings what kind of weather to the Pacific Coast?
93
A tornado is dangerous mostly because of its strong __________.
94
What kind of weather would an anticyclone likely bring?
95
What kind of weather would cumulonimbus clouds likely bring?
96
What causes wind?
97
What is the atmosphere?
Name:_______________
Date:____________
Period:____
Name:_______________
Date:____________
Period:____