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Biology Dr. Cascio Name ____________________ Date _______________ Unit 2 Test Review 1. What are the three subatomic and their charges? Proton + neutron 0 6 C 12 carbon electron - particles atomic number? 6 Atomic mass? 12 # of protons? 6 # of neutrons? 6 # of electrons in neutral atom? 6 2. What are the four organic compounds found in living things and what do they do? Protein – movement, structure, immunity Carbohydrates – quick energy, structure Lipids – long-term storage of energy Nucleic acids – genetics and ATP is for energy 3. Define the following: solute__substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution solvent_substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution monosaccharide__single sugar molecule polysaccharide__large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides amino acid__monomer of a protein________________ suspension__mixture of water and nondissolved materials solution___mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed activation energy__energy needed to get a reaction started mass number___mass of the element = protons + neutrons atomic number_ number of protons in an atom____________ Biology Dr. Cascio Name ____________________ Date _______________ **Look over the pH scale. Be familiar with both acids and bases. 4. What is a substance with a pH of 8 or above? __base___ What is a substance with a pH of 6 or below?_acid___ What has a pH of 7?__pure water__ 5. What charge is an ion when it gains an electron? _negative__ 5. How does a covalent bond form electrons are shared 6. How does an ionic bond form? Electrons are transferred 7. What do enzymes do? Decrease the activation energy needed to start a reaction 8. What is the activation site? Energy needed to start a reaction 9. When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, what would the product(s) be? __water_____ What would the reactant(s) be? __ hydrogen and oxygen __ 8. List the chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen bond) in order of decreasing strength. a. Covalent b. ionic c. hydrogen bond 9. What are the forces called that allow a gecko to climb up vertical surfaces? __van der Waals____ 10. What does the pH scale measure?___hydrogen ion__ concentration. 11. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? _nucleus_ 12. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? _salt__ What is the solvent? __water_____________ 13. If an atom has an atomic number of 35 and a mass number of 75, how many protons does it have?_35__ electrons?__35__ neutrons?__40_ Biology Dr. Cascio Name ____________________ Date _______________ 16. Which molecule is the most abundant in the human body? water 17. Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each enzyme — A. has a specific activation site for substrate attachment _ B. can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme C. destroys its specific enzyme D. actively interferes with other substrates around it 18. Enzymes decrease _activation__ energy and (increase )the rate of reaction. ** Know the macromolecule chart – monomers, polymers, examples, functions. 18. If a reaction absorbs energy in one direction, it will (release) energy going the other direction. 19. What are the two types of intramolecular bonds (bonds that hold atoms together to form molecules). Stronger bond: _covalent_ Weaker bond:__ionic__ 20. What are the intermolecular forces (bonds that hold molecules together)? _hydrogen bonbds__ and ___van der Waals_ 21. Which is more acidic, a pH of 5.1, or a pH of 5.5? __5.1___ 22. Which organic compound is the main source of energy for living organisms? _carbohydrates_ 23. What is the term for the energy needed to start a reaction? __activation_ _energy_ 24. Chemical reactions that (release) energy may start by themselves. 25. Which is a stronger base, a pH of 11, or a pH of 1.0? pH 11 Biology Dr. Cascio Name ____________________ Date _______________ pH values of Some Common Substances Substance pH hydrochloric acid 1.0 tomatoes 4.0 rain water 6.2 distilled water 7.0 oven cleaner 11.1 Which is the strongest acid? Hydrochloric acid sodium hydroxide 13.0 Ffd Which substance is neutral? Distilled water