Download Test 6 packet 2009

Test 6: The Middle Ages
13.1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms—Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire are reunited under
Charlemagne’s empire.
I.
Invasions of Western Europe
a.
b.
c.
Effects of Constant Invasions and Warfare
i.
Germanic invaders
ii.
Fighting disrupts
iii.
Marks the beginning
The Decline of Learning
i.
As cities are
ii.
Knowledge of
iii.
Germans cannot
Loss of a Common Language
i.
II.
Introduction of
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
a.
b.
c.
Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600
i.
Small Germanic kingdoms
ii.
Continual wars
iii.
The Church
The Concept of Government Changes
i.
Germans held
ii.
Small communities
iii.
Germanic warriors
Clovis Rules the Franks
i.
Germanic people called
ii.
Clovis, leader of the
iii.
Leads warriors against
iv.
Unites Franks into
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III.
Germans Adopt Christianity
a.
b.
c.
IV.
i.
Frankish rulers
ii.
Missionaries travel to
Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts
i.
Church builds
ii.
Monks establish
Papal Power Expands Under Gregory I
i.
In 590, Gregory I,
ii.
Under Gregory,
iii.
Pope’s palace becomes
iv.
Uses Church money to
v.
Establishes a
Am Empire Evolves
a.
b.
V.
How the Church Spread
Europe’s Kingdoms
i.
The Franks control
ii.
By 511, Frankish
Charles Martel Emerges
i.
Most powerful official in kingdom is
ii.
In 719, major domo
iii.
Defeats Spanish Muslims at
iv.
Son, Pepin, anointed
Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
a.
From Pepin to Charlemagne
i.
Pepin dies in 768,
ii.
Second son,
2
b.
c.
d.
Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule
i.
Charlemagne’s armies reunite
ii.
In 800, Charlemagne
iii.
Pope crowns Charlemagne
iv.
Germanic power, Church,
Charlemagne Leads a Revival
i.
Charlemagne limits
ii.
Encourages learning
Charlemagne’s Heirs
i.
Charlemagne dies in 814;
ii.
Louis’ 3 grandsons
iii.
In 843, they divide
Historymakers: Charlemagne-Legendary King—Read the passage and answer the questions below.
1.
Why did Charlemagne’s size enhance his image? What other world leaders have been known for their size (large or small)?
2.
What social class did Charlemagne belong to?
3.
How did Charlemagne improve the position of Christianity?
4.
Why do you think Charlemagne opposed his coronation?
13.1 Critical Thinking questions:
1.
Why did the move to rural areas contribute to a decline in literacy?
2.
Why did the Church support Clovis’ campaigns against other Germanic peoples?
3.
What caused Christianity to spread through Europe, and why was this important?
4.
Why might someone be content with the title major domo rather than seeking to be crowned king?
5.
How did Pepin the Short expand the authority he had inherited?
6.
In the painting on page 357, what do the sword and cross symbolize?
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13.2 Feudalism in Europe—Feudalism, a political and economic system based on land-holding and protective alliances, emerges in Europe.
I.
Invaders Attack Western Europe
a.
b.
II.
The Vikings Invade from the North
i.
Warlike Vikings raid
ii.
Viking long ships
iii.
Eventually many Vikings
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
i.
Magyars (Hungarian nomads)
ii.
Muslims strike
iii.
Viking, Magyar, Muslim invasions
A New Social Order: Feudalism
a.
b.
c.
Feudalism Structures Society
i.
850 to 950, feudalism emerges—
ii.
A lord (landowner)
The Feudal Pyramid
i.
Power in feudal system
ii.
Kings served by nobles who are
Social Classes are Well Defined
i.
III.
Medieval feudal system
1.
those who
2.
those who
3.
those who
ii.
Social class is usually
iii.
Most peasants are
iv.
Serfs aren’t slaves,
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
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a.
b.
c.
The Lord’s Estate
i.
The lord’s estate, a
ii.
Serfs and free peasants
iii.
The lord provides
A Self-Contained World
i.
Medieval manors include
ii.
Manors cover a few
The Harshness of Manor Life
i.
Peasants pay taxes to use
ii.
Tithe (a church tax)
iii.
Serfs live
iv.
Daily grind of
v.
Poor diet, illness,
vi.
Serfs generally
Feudal Pyramid
13.3
13.3 Age of Chivalry—As you read the section, answer the questions below.
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1.
What were the 2 inventions from Asia that changed the technology of warfare in Western Europe?
2.
What was the code of chivalry and what was included?
3.
Chronicle the training for knighthood.
4.
Define the following siege weapons. Use the picture on page 366.
a. Battering ram-
c. Mantlet-
e. Tortoise-
b. Mangonel-
d. Siege tower-
f. Trebuchet
5. Compare women’s roles (noblewoman vs. peasant woman) during the Middle Ages. Read the primary source on page 368.
13.4 The Power of the Church—Church leaders and political leaders compete for power and authority.
I.
The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church
a.
The Structure of the Church
1.
Power within
2.
Clergy—religious
3.
Bishops supervise
b. Religion as a Unifying Force
c.
1.
Religion important in
2.
Clergy administers
The Law of the Church
1.
The Church has system
2.
All medieval
3.
Canon law governs
4.
Popes have power
5.
a.
Excommunication-
b.
Interdiction -
Kings and emperors
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II.
The Church and the Holy Roman Empire
a.
III.
Otto I Allies with the Church
1.
Otto I is
2.
Limits strength of
3.
Gains support of
4.
Invades Italy on
Signs of Future Conflict
a.
Otto’s German-Italian
b. Holy Roman Empire is
IV.
The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
a.
Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII
1.
Pope Gregory VII
2.
Henry IV orders
b. Showdown at Canossa
V.
Henry goes to
2.
Gregory forgives
Concordat of Worms—1122
a.
VI.
1.
Compromise:
Disorder in the Empire
a.
The Reign of Frederick I
1.
In 1152,
2.
Frederick invades
3.
Empire collapses
b. German States Remain Separate
1.
German kings
2.
German princes,
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Geography Application:-—read the passage and use the map the answer the following questions.
The influence of the Latin Church—the Roman Catholic Church—grew in Western Europe after 800. by 1000, at the end of the
age of invasions, the Church’s vision of a spiritual kingdom in feudal Europe was nearly realized.
A sign of the spread of Roman Christianity in Western Europe was the increased presence of churches. The population of the
continent was increasing rapidly—from about 14 million in 600 to 22 million in 950—and the need to accommodate all the new faithful causes a
boom in religious buildings.
It was an era of new Roman Christian states. By 966, much of the Polish region had sided with Rome, as did the of
Hungary around 986. Large sections of Scandinavia adopted the Latin Church by 1000. in the fifth century, Ireland because the “island of
saints.” Then, between 500 and 900, Ireland helped bring England under the influence of Roman Christianity.
However, in 988, in far eastern Europe, the prince of Kiev received baptism from the Eastern Orthodox, or Byzantine,
Church, as regions to the south had done in the 8th century. Disputes between two wings of Christianity—headed by Constantinople and
Rome—would soon separate two forever.
1. What 2 forms of Christianity were found in Europe in 1000?
2. What surrounds most of the northern section of Easter Orthodox land?
3. Which cities were the leaders of the 2 Christian religions?
4. What was the main religion of southern Spain?
5. What 9 full or partial political divisions made up the Latin Church around 1000?
6. What areas of the Latin Church were bordered by pagan lands?
7. What body of water touched Latin, Eastern Orthodox, and pagan lands?
8. Look carefully at the map. In what place would you anticipate a major effort by the Latin Church to expand its influences?
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14.1 The Crusades
How did the first Crusade start? How long did the Crusades last?
Goals of the Crusades
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Discuss the following Crusades. Include the specific goal of each, the outcome, and any pertinent dates.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5-8th
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Children’s Crusade
1st
2nd
Spanish Crusade
Effects of the Crusades
1.
4.
2.
5.
6.
3.
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14.4 The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
The 3 events that led to the end of medieval society:
The Great Schism
1.
When and how did the Great Schism begin?
7.
What were 2 economic effects of the plague?
2.
Who were the 3 popes (at the same time)?
8.
How did the plague affect the Church?
3.
When and how was the Great Schism resolved?
9.
What were the social effects of the plague?
4.
How did the Great Schism affect medieval life?
The Hundred Years’ War
10. What was the primary reason for the war?
The Bubonic Plague
5.
Where did the Plague begin and how did it
11. What was the outcome of the war?
spread?
12. How did the war affect medieval society?
6.
Why was the plague also called “Black Death”?
Primary source: The Black Death: Description of the Plague—read the handout and answer the following questions.
1. If someone caught the plague, could they recover?
2. What happened once someone caught the plague? Approximately how long did someone have to live once they caught the plague?
3. How was the plague transmitted?
4. Other than people, who could catch the plague?
5. What did people try to do to avoid the plague?
6. Who was hired to bury the dead? Where were the bodies buried?
7. How long did the outbreak of the plague last in Catania?
8. When was this account written?
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PBS Home video: Castle
1.
____________________ was a major threat to all people.
2.
The walls around the town provide ________________________.
3.
The inner ward includes:
4.
What was a benefit of working on the castle? (pay attention to the blacksmith)
5.
Why were windows on the first floor made so thin?
6.
How did Kings pay for castles? How long did they take to build?
7.
Why did the outer gatehouse and inner gatehouse not match up?
8.
What are murder-holes?
9.
Who lived in the basement?
10. Where does the running water in the kitchen come from?
11. How thick were the inner walls?
12. Why was the Great Hall so important?
13. How did the peasants lives differ from those of the nobles?
14. What kind of entertainment takes place at feast?
15. What was an invaders greatest weapon?
16. How did invaders get passed the thick and tall outer walls?
17. What was the main purpose of a castle?
PBS Home video: Cathedral
1. Cathedrals function as _________________. What does "cathedral" mean in Latin?
2. During the Middle Ages, _______________ was the center of one’s universe.
3. What else did the Church provide (other than religion)?
4. The floor plan is the shape of a ________________.
5. What year did the building of the cathedral begin? How deep is the foundation? Where do the stones come from?
6. What architectural style was used in cathedrals?
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7. How is "god's light" brought into church?
8. How tall was the Bovet when it collapsed?
9. Where (city) is Notre Dame?
10. In ___________________, the workers go home for the winter.
11. What are relics?
12. Oftentimes, what group of people were made to pay the most towards the construction of a cathedral?
13. Who was killed in the collapse of the cathedral? What caused the collapse? What scandal did this confirm?
14. How long was a typical day working on a cathedral? How long was a work day in the winter?
15. Why would some people work for free? What (sometimes) happened to people that worked for free? Why?
16. Who was in charge of the money?
17. What was the most important material for building a cathedral?
18. How long did the cathedral take to build?
Study guide
SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.
a. Explain the manorial system and feudalism, including the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne.
b. Describe the political impact of Christianity including Pope Gregory VII and King
Henry IV.
c. Explain the role of the church in medieval society.
13.1 Charlemagne unites Germanic kingdoms
Dates of the Middle Ages
Clovis
Franks
Monastery (purpose and functions)
Pope Gregory I
Secular
Major domo
Charles Martel
Battle of Tours
Pepin the Short
Carolingian Dynasty
Charlemagne
Louis the Pious
Treaty of Verdun
13.2 Feudalism
Invasion from Vikings/Magyars/Muslims
Feudal structure (pyramid)
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Lord
Fief
Vassal
Social classes (3)
Peasants vs. Serfs
Manorial system
Life as a peasant
13.3 The Age of Chivalry
Castles
Code of Chivalry
Women’s roles
13.4 The power of the Church
Pope
Clergy
Sacraments
Canon law
Excommunication
Interdiction
Otto I (Germany)
Holy Roman Empire
Henry IV
Pope Gregory VII
Lay investiture
Concordat of Worms
Frederick I
Battle of Legnano
14.1 The Crusades
How/why did they start?
Goals of the crusades (5)
1st Crusade
2nd Crusade
3rd Crusade
4th Crusade
5-8th Crusade
Children’s Crusades
Spanish Crusade
Effects of the Crusades (6)
14.4The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
The Great Schism
Effects
The Bubonic Plague
Effects
The Hundred Years’ War
Effects
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