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Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project Michigan State University Animals Unit Activity 5.3: Explaining How Cows Grow: Digestion and Biosynthesis 1 Unit Map You are here 2 Revisit your arguments Think about what you know now that you didn’t know before. What have you learned? 3 How do animals use food as materials for growth? 4 Step 1: Digestion Materials for growth: Biosynthesis Food Digestion Energy: Cellular respiration 5 Constructing explanations Consider the following as you construct your explanation: • Evidence from the investigation • What you learned from the molecular modeling or tracing activity • Three Questions Handout 6 Comparing Ideas with a Partner • Compare your explanations for each of the Three Questions. – How are they alike? – How are they different? • Check your explanation with the middle- and right-hand columns of the Three Questions handout. • Consider making revisions to your explanation based on your conversation with your partner. 7 Digestion: The Matter Movement Question How do molecules move to the location of the chemical change? How do molecules move away from the location of the chemical change? Which atoms and molecules move when an animal digests food? Small organic molecules (monomers: amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol) Large organic molecules (polymers: proteins, carbs, fats) How do large and small organic molecules move when an animal digests food? Small organic molecules (monomers: amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol) Large organic molecules (polymers: proteins, carbs, fats) What happens to food that animals can’t digest? Our digestive systems cannot break down some large organic molecules (such as fiber). These molecules leave our bodies as feces. 11 Matter Movement Do you have: Blood Small Intestine Large Organic Molecules • arrows showing large organic molecules or polymers (carbohydrates, proteins, fat/lipids) going through the small intestine? Large Organic Molecules 12 Matter Movement Do you have: • an arrow showing small organic molecules going into the blood? Small Organic Molecules Blood Small Intestine Large Organic Molecules Large Organic Molecules 13 Matter Movement Do you have: Large Organic Molecules Small Intestine Large Organic Molecules • An arrow showing undigested large organic molecules continuing through the intestine Blood Small Organic Molecules Large Organic Molecules 14 Digestion: The Matter Change Question What molecules are carbon atoms in before and after the chemical change? What other molecules are involved? Note: digestive cells produce molecules (enzymes) that can break large organic molecules up into small organic molecules. Matter Change Name the chemical change that a cow uses to break down food: Digestion 16 Matter Change What molecules are carbon atoms in before the chemical change? Large organic molecules (or polymers: carbohydrates, fats/lipids, and proteins) Chemical Change What other molecules are needed? (Water) What molecules are carbon atoms in after the chemical change? Small organic molecules (or monomers: amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids) What other molecules are produced? None 17 Digestion: The Energy Change Question What forms of energy are involved? What energy transformations take place during the chemical change? Energy Change What forms of energy go into this chemical change? Chemical Energy What forms of energy come out of this chemical change? Chemical Energy 19 Telling the Whole Story Question: How does a cow get small organic molecules to its cells? • Does your story include these parts? Matter movement: Large organic molecules (or polymers: carbohydrates, fats/lipids, proteins) enter into the cow and move through the digestive system to the small intestine. Matter change: Large organic molecules are separated into small organic molecules (or monomers: amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, glycerol). Energy change: The chemical energy of the C-C and C-H bonds in the large organic molecules remains in the small organic molecules. Matter movement: The small organic molecules pass through the intestinal lining into the blood stream. 20 Step 2: Biosynthesis Materials for growth: Biosynthesis Food Digestion Energy: Cellular respiration 21 Constructing explanations Consider the following as you construct your explanation: • Evidence from the investigation • What you learned from the molecular modeling or tracing activity • Three Questions Handout 22 Comparing Ideas with a Partner • Compare your explanations for each of the Three Questions. – How are they alike? – How are they different? • Check your explanation with the middle- and right-hand columns of the Three Questions handout. • Consider making revisions to your explanation based on your conversation with your partner. 23 The Matter Movement Question Small organic molecules (monomers: amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol) How do animal cells use small organic molecules to grow and divide? Large organic molecules (polymers: proteins, carbs, fats) Matter Movement Small Organic Molecules or Monomers Do you have: • an arrow showing small organic molecules or monomers going into the cow’s skin cell? 25 Matter Movement Small organic molecules or monomers Large organic molecules or polymers Do you have: • large organic molecules (or polymers) staying in the cow’s skin cell? 26 The Carbon and Energy Questions: The Matter Change Question What happens to small organic molecules during biosynthesis? Chemical change Small organic molecules (monomers) go into cells, but don’t come out. What happens inside the cells? Matter Change Name the chemical change that cow cells use to build large organic molecules: Biosynthesis 28 Matter Change What molecules are carbon atoms in before the chemical change? Small organic molecules (or monomers such as amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids) Chemical What molecules are carbon atoms in after the chemical change? Large organic molecules (or fats/lipids, and proteins) Change What other molecules are needed? None What other molecules are produced? Water 29 Energy Change What forms of energy go into this chemical change? Chemical Energy What forms of energy come out of this chemical change? Chemical Energy 30 Telling the Whole Story Question: How does a skin cell in the leg of a cow use food to grow and divide? • Does your story include these parts? Matter movement: Small organic molecules (or monomers, such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, and glycerol) enter the cow’s skin cell. Matter change: The small organic molecules are combined to make large organic molecules ( or polymers, such as carbohydrates, fats/lipids, and proteins). Energy change: The chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds in the small organic molecules (monomers) stays in these bonds when they are combined into large organic molecules (polymers). Matter movement: The cell grows bigger and may eventually divide as more large organic molecules (polymers) are made. 31 Discuss with a partner 32