Download 5.3

Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy
Environmental Literacy Project
Michigan State University
Animals Unit
Activity 5.3: Explaining How
Cows Grow: Digestion and
Biosynthesis
1
Unit Map
You
are
here
2
Revisit your arguments
Think about what
you know now that
you didn’t know
before. What have
you learned?
3
How do animals use food as materials
for growth?
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Step 1: Digestion
Materials
for growth:
Biosynthesis
Food
Digestion
Energy:
Cellular
respiration
5
Constructing explanations
Consider the
following as you
construct your
explanation:
• Evidence from
the investigation
• What you
learned from the
molecular
modeling or
tracing activity
• Three Questions
Handout
6
Comparing Ideas with a Partner
• Compare your explanations for each of the
Three Questions.
– How are they alike?
– How are they different?
• Check your explanation with the middle- and
right-hand columns of the Three Questions
handout.
• Consider making revisions to your explanation
based on your conversation with your partner.
7
Digestion:
The Matter Movement Question
How do molecules move to
the location of the chemical
change?
How do molecules move away
from the location of the
chemical change?
Which atoms and molecules move when an
animal digests food?
Small organic molecules
(monomers: amino acids,
glucose, fatty acids, glycerol)
Large organic molecules
(polymers: proteins, carbs, fats)
How do large and small organic molecules move
when an animal digests food?
Small organic molecules
(monomers: amino acids,
glucose, fatty acids, glycerol)
Large organic molecules
(polymers: proteins, carbs, fats)
What happens to food that animals
can’t digest?
Our digestive
systems cannot
break down some
large organic
molecules (such as
fiber).
These molecules
leave our bodies as
feces.
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Matter Movement
Do you have:
Blood
Small Intestine
Large Organic
Molecules
• arrows showing
large organic
molecules or
polymers
(carbohydrates,
proteins, fat/lipids)
going through the
small intestine?
Large Organic
Molecules
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Matter Movement
Do you have:
• an arrow showing
small organic
molecules going
into the blood?
Small Organic
Molecules
Blood
Small Intestine
Large Organic
Molecules
Large Organic
Molecules
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Matter Movement
Do you have:
Large Organic
Molecules
Small Intestine
Large Organic
Molecules
• An arrow showing
undigested large
organic molecules
continuing through
the intestine
Blood
Small Organic
Molecules
Large Organic
Molecules
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Digestion:
The Matter Change Question
What molecules are carbon
atoms in before and after the
chemical change?
What other molecules are
involved?
Note: digestive cells produce molecules (enzymes) that can break
large organic molecules up into small organic molecules.
Matter Change
Name the chemical change that a cow uses to
break down food:
Digestion
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Matter Change
What molecules are carbon
atoms in before the
chemical change?
Large organic molecules (or
polymers: carbohydrates,
fats/lipids, and proteins)
Chemical
Change
What other molecules
are needed?
(Water)
What molecules are carbon
atoms in after the chemical
change?
Small organic molecules (or
monomers: amino acids,
sugars, and fatty acids)
What other molecules are
produced?
None
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Digestion:
The Energy Change Question
What forms of energy are
involved?
What energy transformations
take place during the chemical
change?
Energy Change
What forms of energy go
into this chemical
change?
Chemical Energy
What forms of energy
come out of this chemical
change?
Chemical Energy
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Telling the Whole Story
Question: How does a cow get small organic
molecules to its cells?
• Does your story include these parts?
Matter movement: Large organic molecules (or polymers: carbohydrates,
fats/lipids, proteins) enter into the cow and move through the digestive system
to the small intestine.
Matter change: Large organic molecules are separated into small organic
molecules (or monomers: amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, glycerol).
Energy change: The chemical energy of the C-C and C-H bonds in the large
organic molecules remains in the small organic molecules.
Matter movement: The small organic molecules pass through the intestinal lining
into the blood stream.
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Step 2: Biosynthesis
Materials
for growth:
Biosynthesis
Food
Digestion
Energy:
Cellular
respiration
21
Constructing explanations
Consider the
following as you
construct your
explanation:
• Evidence from
the investigation
• What you
learned from the
molecular
modeling or
tracing activity
• Three Questions
Handout
22
Comparing Ideas with a Partner
• Compare your explanations for each of the
Three Questions.
– How are they alike?
– How are they different?
• Check your explanation with the middle- and
right-hand columns of the Three Questions
handout.
• Consider making revisions to your explanation
based on your conversation with your partner.
23
The Matter Movement Question
Small organic molecules
(monomers: amino acids,
glucose, fatty acids, glycerol)
How do animal cells use
small organic molecules to
grow and divide?
Large organic molecules
(polymers: proteins, carbs, fats)
Matter Movement
Small Organic
Molecules or
Monomers
Do you have:
• an arrow
showing small
organic
molecules or
monomers going
into the cow’s
skin cell?
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Matter Movement
Small organic
molecules or
monomers
Large organic
molecules or
polymers
Do you have:
• large organic
molecules (or
polymers) staying
in the cow’s skin
cell?
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The
Carbon
and
Energy
Questions:
The Matter Change Question
What happens to small organic molecules during
biosynthesis?
Chemical
change
Small organic molecules (monomers)
go into cells, but don’t come out. What
happens inside the cells?
Matter Change
Name the chemical change that cow cells use to
build large organic molecules:
Biosynthesis
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Matter Change
What molecules are carbon
atoms in before the
chemical change?
Small organic molecules (or
monomers such as amino
acids, sugars, and fatty
acids)
Chemical
What molecules are carbon
atoms in after the chemical
change?
Large organic molecules
(or fats/lipids, and proteins)
Change
What other molecules
are needed?
None
What other molecules are
produced?
Water
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Energy Change
What forms of energy go
into this chemical
change?
Chemical Energy
What forms of energy
come out of this chemical
change?
Chemical Energy
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Telling the Whole Story
Question: How does a skin cell in the leg of a
cow use food to grow and divide?
• Does your story include these parts?
Matter movement: Small organic molecules (or monomers, such as amino acids,
sugars, fatty acids, and glycerol) enter the cow’s skin cell.
Matter change: The small organic molecules are combined to make large organic
molecules ( or polymers, such as carbohydrates, fats/lipids, and proteins).
Energy change: The chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds in the small
organic molecules (monomers) stays in these bonds when they are combined
into large organic molecules (polymers).
Matter movement: The cell grows bigger and may eventually divide as more
large organic molecules (polymers) are made.
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Discuss with a partner
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