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Transcript
5th Grade Science Lesson Guide Unit 1: Classification of Organisms Chapter 6, Lesson 1: How are living things grouped? Classification grouping similar items/things together makes understanding them easier by identifying characteristics that living things share, scientists can group similar organisms together the way organisms look, live, eat, move, grow, change, and reproduce Grouping Living Things living organisms are classified into large groups called kingdoms all members of a specific kingdom have certain characteristics There are five kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Protists, Fungi, and Bacteria Animals: made of many cells, feed on other living or once living things Plants: have many cells, make their own food Fungi: multi-celled, absorb their food from the remains of other organisms Protists: mostly single-celled organisms, some make food, some take in food Bacteria: all single-celled, no nucleus, some make their food, some absorb food like fungi Smaller Groups Each kingdom is divided into smaller phylum, which is then divided into smaller classes, which is then divided into smaller order, which is then divided into smaller family, which is divided into smaller genus, which is divided into smaller species Kingdom -> phylum -> class -> order -> family -> genus -> species Species is a unique kind of organism each organism is called by its two smallest group names—genus and species Chapter 6, Lesson 2: What are vertebrates and Invertebrates? Animals with a backbone the animal kingdom is divided into two large groups, those who have a backbone and those that don’t an animal with a backbone is a vertebrate Vertebrates are classified into 5 phyla: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish Mammals: have hair and produce milk for their young Birds: have feathers, which keep them warm and help most of them fly Reptiles: have scaly skin, and most lay their eggs on land Amphibians: begin life in water, but when they are adults, they live on land Fish: have scales and live their entire lives in water Animals without a backbone Invertebrates are animals without a backbone They are the largest part of the animal kingdom (97%) Some examples: o Sponges—the living kind—jellyfish, anemones, and coral o Worms—roundworms, earthworms, etc o Mollusks—octopus, squid, snails, clams, and oysters o Echinoderms—sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins o Arthropods—(have jointed legs and two or more body segments, its skeleton is outside of its body) crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, and shrimp) or insects (beetles, mosquitoes, butterflies, roaches) o Arachnids—(have eight legs) mites, ticks, and scorpions Structure and Function Structure is the form of a body part (ex. A wing) Function is what a structure does (ex. To fly) Scientist will classify based on structure or function depending on the animal. (ex. Classifying grasshoppers and frogs—use structure. When looking at beaks on birds—use function) Chapter 6, Lesson 3: How are plants sorted into groups? Nonvascular and Vascular Plants Nonvascular plants don’t have true roots, veins, or tissue for carrying materials throughout the plant. o Absorbs water and nutrients from its surroundings—the water carries the food and nutrients from cell to cell o Not tall (no tissues to provide suppot) o Ex- moss Vascular Plants have tissues that support the plants and carries water and food o Roots, stems, and leaves contain vascular tissues o Xylem carries water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant o Phloem carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant o can be large due to their support systems o ex- Redwood trees, cacti, and orchids Seed-Bearing Plants can be in the open, like on the cones of pine trees (gymnosperm) can be covered, like in fruit (angiosperm)