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SNC1D Roles in Ecosystems Organism Is an o Example: Species Is a group of organisms o Example: Population is when o Example: Community A community is when . Example: Habitat Your habitat is the area where you live Niche •The niche of an organism is its total role in the community. •The niche of a beaver is to feed on plants, dam a river, become food for wolves, to be bitten by deer flies, and so on… •The niche of a wolf is to feed on beavers and other small animals, to be bitten by black flies and deer flies, to fertilize the soil with urine and feces, as well as many other things. Comparing a Habitat to a Niche Many people confuse habitat and niche. Think of it this way! o A habitat is the species address. o A niche is the species’ occupation. SNC1D Roles in Ecosystems Ecological Niche The ecological niche is an organism’s “job” in an ecosystem. It includes: its place in the food web where it lives the time of day it is active Ecological Niche Each organism in an ecosystem usually has a different niche. This helps to reduce the amount of competition for habitat and resources (like food, water, etc.). Native vs. Introduced Species A native species is a species (type of living thing) that has lived in an ecosystem for a long time. An introduced species is a species that is new to an ecosystem. Introduced species can arrive naturally (animals move, seeds carried by wind) or by humans. Impact of Introduced Species Introduced species usually cause problems in an ecosystem. They compete for a niche with the native species Natural Selection You have certain traits and they allow you to survive better than others in your population. Evolution Evolution is a change in the genetic make up of a species over time. Adaptation An adaptation is a change that gives you an edge on surviving. o Webbed toes to swim faster o A wooly coat to stay warmer o Longer claws with which to fight better o Larger eyes to see more