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Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, who lived around 500 BC. Originating in India, Buddhism gradually spread throughout Asia. Buddhism teaches followers to perform good deeds, avoid harmful actions, and purify the mind. The ultimate goal of practicing Buddhism’s teachings is to awaken the believer, realize one’s true existence, and achieve Nirvana, or enlightenment. Buddhist morality is underpinned by the principles of harmlessness, moderation, discipline, concentration, and wisdom. While Buddhism does not deny the existence of supernatural beings, it does not have a belief in a God (for example a creator, person of salvation, or being of final judgement). What is a Buddha? Buddha is a word in ancient Indian languages which means "one who has been awakened." The word Buddha denotes not just a single religious teacher, as in the Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama, but a type of person, of which there have been many throughout time. A Buddha is anyone who has fully realized one’s true existence and who is liberated from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Principles of Buddhism. In a beiever’s search for enlightenment, taking refuge is symbolic of enlightenment because it shows a person’s confidence that enlightenment is the ultimate refuge. Many Buddhists take refuges each day in order to concentrate on the goals of Buddhism. It is extremely important to note that in Buddhism, the word "refuge" should not be taken in the English sense of "hiding" or "escape"; instead it should be thought of as a homecoming, or place of healing, much as a parent's home might be a refuge for someone. In order for a believer to achieve the refuge of enlightenment, Buddhism teaches that one must follow the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and the Five Precepts (help to follow the Eightfold Path). Four Noble Truths 1. All worldly life contains suffering. 2. The cause of suffering is desire. 3. There is an end of suffering, enlightenment. 4. Following the Eightfold Path can lead to the end of suffering Other principles include the practice of meditation, the belief that anyone can free themselves from suffering, the belief in the law of karma (actions create consequences), and the belief in reincarnation (cycle of rebirth). Eightfold Path Right Understanding, Right Concentration Right Thought, Right Speech Right Action, Right Livelihood Right Effort, Right Mindfulness Five Precepts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I will refrain from killing living creatures. I will refrain from stealing from others. I will refrain from sexual misconduct. I will refrain from lying, harsh language, slander, or idle chit-chat. I will refrain from intoxicants which lead to loss of mindfulness. Vegetarianism. The first precept in Buddhism prohibits killing. Many see this as implying that Buddhists should not eat the meat of animals. However, this is not necessarily the case. The Buddha made distinction between killing an animal and consumption of meat, stressing that it is immoral conduct that makes one impure, not the food one eats.