Download Biology Semester 1 Review Packet Name

Biology Semester 1 Review Packet
Chapter- What is Biology?
1. Biology is the study of ______________________________________________.
2. Describe each of the following characteristics of life:
a. Organization
b. Reproduction
c. Growth
d. Homeostasis
e. Adaptation
3. What is a hypothesis? What is a theory (in science terms)?
4. What is an experiment?
5. What is a control? Why is it important to an experiment?
6. What does data have to do with an experiment?
Chapter - Ecology
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Ecology is the study of ______________________________________________.
The biosphere is the part of the Earth that ______________________________.
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors? Give 2 examples of each.
Explain how the following terms are different from one another:
a. organism
b. species
c. population
d. community
e. ecosystem
How are the habitat and niche different for an organism?
Describe the following symbiotic relationships and give an example of each:
a. parasitism
ex:
b. commensalism
ex:
c. mutualism
ex:
What is a producer, or autotroph? Give an example.
What is a consumer, or heterotroph?
The ultimate source of energy for all life is ______________.
What are some specific types of heterotrophs? Give an example of each.
What is a decomposer? Give 2 examples of organisms that are decomposers.
How are a food chain and a food web related?
What are the only two ways that carbon can go from the atmosphere to the land? What are
four different ways carbon can go from the land to the atmosphere?
Explain the different parts of the nitrogen cycle and explain why bacteria are so important
for the cycle.
Draw and label the water cycle using the following terms: precipitation, evaporation,
transpiration, condensation.
What is the difference between the following terms?
a. precipitation
b. evaporation
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c. transpiration
d. condensation
Chapter -Communities and Biomes
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Define the term succession.
What is primary succession?
When will primary succession occur? Give an example.
What is an example of a common pioneer species in primary succession?
What is secondary succession?
When will secondary succession occur? Give 2 examples
What are the 8 major biomes – describe key characteristics of each (make sure to discuss
the climate, biodiversity and types of plant life)
Chapter 5- Biodiversity
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What is biodiversity?
What is extinction?
What are some ways that humans are affecting biodiversity?
Explain what
Chapter 6- Chemistry of Life
30. What are organic compounds?
31. Describe the functions of each of the following macromolecules, or biomolecules:
a. nucleic acid
b. protein
c. lipids
d. carbohydrate
32. What are the monomers for each of the above organic compounds?
33. What are enzymes? Describe their relationship to substrates and what things make them not
work.
Chapter- The Cell
34. Summarize the three parts of the cell theory.
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3.
35. Explain 3 differences between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
36. Give an example of a prokaryote and an example of a eukaryote.
37. What role does the plasma membrane play for the cell?
38. Describe what composes the fluid mosaic model.
39. What is a cell wall? Name 3 types of organisms that may have a cell wall.
40. Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
41. What is the function of flagella? Cilia?
42. List the functions of the following cell parts then label each on the diagram.
Golgi body-
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MitochondriaNucleusLysosomeEndoplasmic reticulumRibosomeCytoplasmPlasma membraneCilia-
Chapter- Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
47. What is osmosis?
48. Explain the differences between the following three solutions:
a. isotonic solution
b. hypotonic solution
c. hypertonic solution
49. Which type of solution may cause a cell to burst? Shrink?
50. Complete the diagram using the following terms: passive transport, active transport, simple
diffusion, facilitated diffusion. Then answer these questions.
a. What types of transport use proteins?
b. What types of transport move from a high
concentration to low concentration?
c.
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What types of transport move from low to high?
Draw a picture showing equilibrium.
What limits the size of a cell?
What are the 4 cell cycle phases and what occurs in each?
Draw a picture of each of the following stages of the cell cycle: interphase, prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
Describe how the following terms are related: cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.
When does uncontrolled cell growth occur?
What are the causes of cancer? List at least 3.
Name 4 differences between mitosis and meiosis (include differences in cell types, # of
divisions, and any other two differences)
Chapter- Viruses and Bacteria
59. Why are viruses not considered to be alive? Explain how they reproduce.
60. Summarize the steps of the following viral cycles:
3
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a. lytic
b. lysogenic
What are the common shapes of bacteria?
What is binary fission?
Label the following as a prokaryote or eukaryote.
bacteria
fungi
What are some uses for bacteria?
How do bacteria benefit humans?
protist
Chapter- Immunity
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What is the function of the immune system?
What leads to resistance to antibiotics?
What is inflammation?
Why is a fever actually helpful?
What is a phagocyte?
What is the function of a macrophage?
What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
Why is a person with AIDS susceptible to infectious diseases?
Explain how a vaccination works.
Chapter - Evolution:
78. What are the definitions of the terms evolution and natural selection and what do they have
to do with each other?
79. What is a vestigial structure? What is a homologous structure?
80. Name 3 pieces of evidence for evolution that scientists have.
81. Explain what Charles Darwin saw on his trip and how that led to his theory of natural
selection.
82. List the 3 types of isolation and how they each can cause speciation.
83. Explain how the following terms are related to evolution: Gene pool, genetic drift, founders
effect, and sexual selection.
Chapter - Heredity:
84. Name the key 3 differences between DNA & RNA.
85. For the following DNA sequence tell me what the complimentary strand of DNA would look
like, what the complimentary mRNA strand would look like, the anti-codons for that mRNA
strand and the amino acids the mRNA strand would code for:
TACGAACCCTCGATT
86. Where does transcription and translation each take place?
87. What are the end products of transcription and translation?
88. What is the job of helicase and DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
89. What is a mutation? What effects can a mutation have?
90. When can a mutation be passed on to a child?
Extra Points for Information on the Following Topics: Genetics & Biotechnology
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