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NAME ________________________________________________ PALEONTOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 2 ___ 1. The most primitive crustaceans belong to the ?; these animals may have as many as 40 body segments or more, and can tolerate a wide variety of stressful environments. A.Branchiopoda B.Malacostraca C.Cirripedia D.Ostracoda E.Merostomata ___ 2. Within the ?, the calyx is tightly sutured and there are many long, erect, and typically pinnulate arms. A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 3. Lobsters, crabs, crayfish and shrimp belong to the A.Branchiopoda B.Malacostraca C.Cirripedia D.Ostracoda E.Merostomata ___ 4. The ? are bivalved crustaceans; their classification is often based on muscle scar field morphology. A.Branchiopoda B.Malacostraca C.Cirripedia D.Ostracoda E.Merostomata ___ 5. ? have pentameral symmetry and a water vascular system. A.echinoderms B.arthropods C.molluscs D.poriferans E.cnidarians ___ 6. The most important modern reef-building corals are ? corals. A.tabulate B.rugose C.scleractinian D.all of the above are important modern reef-building corals E.none of the above is a reef-building coral ___ 7. Dentition, ligament insertion, adductor muscle scars, and pallial line morphology are important for classification of A.bivalves B.cephalopods C.monoplacophorans D.gastropods E.all of the above ___ 8. Horseshoe crabs, spiders, and eurypterids belong to the A.Trilobitomorpha B.Crustacea C.Chelicerata D.Myriapoda E.Hexapoda ___ 9. Arthropods respire by means of A.gills B.tracheae C.some arthropods have gills; others have tracheae ___ 10. Which of the following is a "cystoid"? A.Diploporita B.Rhombifera C.all of the above D.none of the above ___ 11. A ? is a forward (adapertural) flexure of a suture in cephalopods. A.saddle B.siphuncle C.camera D.lobe E.radula ___ 12. The Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, and Neogastropoda belong to the A.Pulmonata B.Opisthobranchia C.Prosobranchia D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 13. Blade-shaped conodont elements are termed A.coniform B.pectiniform C.ramiform ___ 14. Trilobites have ? appendages. A.uniramous B.biramous C.some appendages are uniramous, others are biramous ___ 15. Both saddles and lobes are crenulate in A.ceratites B.goniatites C.ammonites D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 16. In the ?, a telson was developed, the sixth pair of appendages were usually oar-like, and the animals were up to 9 feet long. A.xiphosurans B.branchiopods C.ostracods D.malacostracans E.eurypterids ___ 17. Eyes are well-developed and a hyponome is present in A.echinoids B.bivalves C.malacostracans D.cephalopods E.gastropods ___ 18. Within the ?, the body is divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen, there are compound eyes, and three pairs of mouth parts. A.trilobites B.copepods C.insects D.malacostracans E.barnacles ___ 19. Which of the following is a coleoid? A.cuttlefish B.octopus C.belemnite D.squid E.all of the above are coleoids ___ 20. ? have the body divided into a cephalon, thorax, and pygidium. A.ostracods B.branchiopods C.trilobites D.arachnids E.merostomes ___ 21. A type of suture characterized by the presence of small lobes and saddles on major lobes only is A.ammonite B.ceratite C.goniatite D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 22. Crinoids A.are found in marine environments only B.typically prefer shallow water environments C.feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton D.all of the above are true E.none of the above is true ___ 23. A ? trilobite facial suture crosses the cheek, passes along the medial border of the eye, and intersects the posterior margin of the cephalon medial to the genal angle. A.opisthoparion B.gonatoparian C.marginal D.proparian E.all of the above ___ 24. ? have a sac-like body with small, loosely-attached sclerites embedded in a leathery skin. A.holothuroids B.asteroids C.ophiuroids D.echinoids E.graptolites ___ 25. ? are fossil colonial marine organisms with a proteinaceous skeleton; the zooids are commonly connected to each other by stolons. A.holothuroids B.asteroids C.ophiuroids D.echinoids E.graptolites ___ 26. Corals, sea anemonies, and jellyfish, are referrable to the A.Porifera B.Mollusca C.Bryozoa D.Archaeocyatha E.Cnidaria ___ 27. The ? are characterized by torsion of internal organs. A.Prosobranchia B.Opisthobranchia C.Pulmonata D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 28. A phragmacone, pro-ostracum and guard are diagnostic of A.ammonoids B.gastropods C.monoplacophorans D.scaphopods E.belemnites ___ 29. Most irregular echinoids are A.vagrant benthonic B.burrowers C.all of the above D.none of the above ___ 30. Radial symmetry, the presence of nematocysts, and the presence of medusoid and/or polyp stages, is characteristic of the A.Bryozoa B.Brachiopoda C.Cnidaria D.Porifera E.Echinodermata ___ 31. Siphuncular and cameral deposits have been used for identication of fossil A.bivalves B.gastropods C.cephalopods D.monoplacophorans E.scaphopods ___ 32. Which of the following is an arachnid? A.tick B.mite C.spider D.scorpion E.all of the above are arachnids ___ 33. The barnacles belong to the A.Branchiopoda B.Cirripedia C.Malacostraca D.Arachnida E.Insecta ___ 34. Sea anemones, corals, sea fans, sea pens, and sea feathers belong to the A.Hydrozoa B.Scyphozoa C.Anthozoa D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 35. The skeleton of arthropods is primarily made of A.calcium carbonate B.calcium phosphate C.chitin D.silica E.all of the above ___ 36. Trilobites are classified primarily on the basis of A.pygidium morphology B.facial suture patterns C.cephalic characteristics D.all of the above are important in trilobite classification E.none of the above is used in trilobite classification ___ 37. Which of the following groups formed reefs? A.Rugosa B.Scleractinia C.Tabulata D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 38. Bryozoa are A.vagile benthonic B.sessile benthonic C.planktonic D.nektonic E.all of the above ___ 39. Within the ?, the shell is bilaterally symmetrical if a line is drawn across the valves; the valves are typically of unequal size. A.ostracods B.bivalves C.malacostracans D.brachiopods E.corals ___ 40. Hydropores, gonopores and accessory thecal respiratory structures are characteristic of the A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 41. Brittle stars belong to the A.Ophiuroidea B.Asteroidea C.Rhombifera D.Diploporita E.Blastoidea ___ 42. Brachiopods ? found only in marine environments. A.are B.are not ___ 43. Within the Scyphozoa, the ? stage is dominant. A.polyp B.medusoid C.the polyp and medusoid stages are equally important in the Scyphozoa ___ 44. Within the ? brachiopods, the valves are hinged. A.inarticulate B.articulate C.the valves are hinged in both articulate and inarticulate brachiopods ___ 45. The ? may be ancestral to tunicates, amphioxus, vertebrates, and possibly other echinoderms. A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 46. In ?, the skeletal parts consist of microscopic mineralized elements arranged in Apparatuses, which may constitute Natural Assemblages. A.graptolites B.hyoliths C.criconarids D.conodonts E.rhodophytes ___ 47. Which of the following is true concerning conularids? A.skeleton made of chitin and calcium phosphate B.pyramidal form C.marine sessile benthonic or nektonic D.range from Middle Cambrian to Early Triassic E.all of the above are true concerning conularids ___ 48. Annelids and arthropods are A.metameric B.oligomeric C.americ D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 49. Trilobites are most useful for ? biostratigraphy. A.Cambrian B.Ordovician C.Silurian D.Devonian E.Mississippian ___ 50. Rudists are types of A.corals B.bivalves C.gastropods D.cephalopods E.bryozoans ___ 51. ? had a long, tapering, operculate shell with props that kept the animal above the substrate. A.monoplacophorans B.scaphopods C.hyolithids D.polyplacophorans E.cephalopods ___ 52. ? are typically unsegmented organisms in which a radula is often developed. A.cnidarians B.poriferans C.arthropods D.molluscs E.echinoderms ___ 53. Orthid, strophomenid, and spiriferid brachiopods dominated the A.Archean B.Proterozoic C.Paleozoic D.Mesozoic E.Cenozoic ___ 54. Trilobites are found in ? deposits. A.marine B.freshwater C.terrestrial D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 55. The ? are unusual molluscs in that one living species is segmented; the shells in this group are cap or spoon-shaped or have an arched single shell. A.polyplacophorans B.monoplacophorans C.gastropods D.bivalves E.cephalopods ___ 56. The ? have a segmented exoskeleton consisting of somites, and have paired jointed legs on most segments. A.cnidarians B.poriferans C.bryozoans D.arthropods E.molluscs ___ 57. Within the ?, secondary septa develop in 4 of 6 interseptal spaces. A.Rugosa B.Tabulata C.Scleractinia D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 58. The "tusk shells" are A.polyplacophorans B.monoplacophorans C.scaphopods D.cephalopods E.gastropods ___ 59. The presence of abundant cameral and siphuncular deposits in fossil nautiloids probably indicates more ? habits. A.benthonic B.planktonic C.nektonic D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 60. The ? have an encircling girdle and a flat foot with a ventral sole adapted for creeping. A.polyplacophorans B.monoplacophorans C.gastropods D.bivalves E.cephalopods ___ 61. Trochophore and veleger larvae are characteristic of A.molluscs B.cnidarians C.arthropods D.echinoderms E.poriferans ___ 62. In the ?, the head is reduced to a rudimentary condition, the foot is usually wedge-shaped, and inhalent and exhalent siphons are present. A.Hyolitha B.Polyplacophora C.Gastropoda D.Cephalopoda E.Bivalvia ___ 63. Probably the most studied group of fossil invertebrates are the A.Echinoidea B.Cephalopoda C.Bivalvia D.Gastropoda E.Ostracoda ___ 64. The openings of the echinoderm water vascular system to the exterior are covered by a plate termed the A.ambulacrum B.calyx C.columnal D.theca E.madreporite ___ 65. A mica-like shell structure in molluscs is termed A.foliated B.nacreous C.homogeneous D.crossed laminar E.prismatic ___ 66. ? are blastozoan echinoderms with paired pores that penetrate some or most of the thecal plates. A.Crinoidea B.Blastoidea C.Rhombifera D.Asteroidea E.Diploporita
