Download Paleo Lecture 2

NAME ________________________________________________ PALEONTOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 2
___ 1. The most primitive crustaceans, in which there may be more than 40 body segments, are the A.Cirripedia
B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea
___ 2. The ? have radial symmetry, most have tentacles, and nematocysts are common. A.Porifera B.Bryozoa
C.Hemichordata D.Mollusca E.Cnidaria
___ 3. The molluscan radula is used for A.feeding B.reproduction C.locomotion D.all of the above are
important functions of the radula
___ 4. During the Paleozoic essentially all brachiopods were ?-water forms. A.shallow B.deep C.during the
Paleozoic both shallow- and deep-water forms were abundant
___ 5. The Stenolaemata, Phylactolaemata and Gymnolaemata are types of A.brachiopods B.crustaceans
C.corals D.echinoderms E.bryozoans
___ 6. The ? echinoid morphology is an adaptation primarily for burrowing. A.regular B.irregular C.the
morphology of all of the above is an adaptation for burrowing
___ 7. The ? has a free swimming larval stage that settles down on its head, loses the bivalve shell, and attaches
to the substrate by antennules. A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda
E.Blastoidea
___ 8. An ammonoid shell type in which the shell is not planispiral and in which the walls of the coil are not in
contact is termed an A.orthocone B.cyrtocone C.heteromorph D.ascocone E.gyrocone
___ 9. The asteroids, or "true" starfish, are A.carnivores B.detritus feeders C.some are carnivores, others are
detritus feeders
___ 10. The endoceratoid and actinoceratoid cephalopods are found in rocks of the ? Era. A.Paleozoic
B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.endoceratoids and actinoceratoids are found in all of the above eras
___ 11. Conchostracans, which can withstand high stress environments such as playa lakes, belong to the
A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea
___ 12. In ? shells, the majority of the previous coils are hidden. A.trochospiral B.streptospiral C.rectilinear
D.evolute E.involute
___ 13. Lobsters and crayfish belong to the A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda
E.Blastoidea
___ 14. The presence of a pedicle is diagnostic of A.brachiopods B.bryozoans C.molluscs D.echinoderms
E.hemichordates
___ 15. In the ?, the body consists of a head, thorax and abdomen. There are three pairs of mouth parts and the
three thoracic segments each have a pair of jointed legs. A.ostracods B.chilopods C.hexapods
D.arachnids E.xiphosurans
___ 16. A group of echinoderms that have been proposed as ancestral to chordates and other echinoderms are
the A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa
___ 17. Water turbulence ? the morphology of bryozoans. A.affects B.does not affect
___ 18. Sea cucumbers are more important components of ocean ecosystems at ? water depths. A.shallow
B.deep
___ 19. Trochophore and veliger larvae are diagnostic of A.arthropods B.brachiopods C.molluscs
D.cnidarians E.echinoderms
___ 20. ? have a tusk-like aragonite shell. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans
D.bivalves E.gastropods
___ 21. Sea anemones, corals and sea fans belong to the A.Hydrozoa B.Scyphozoa C.Anthozoa
___ 22. The simplest hinge type in bivalves, in which ligaments are present but teeth are absent, is A.taxodont
B.actinodont C.cyrtodont D.edentulous E.isodont
___ 23. The marine nektonic pteropods belong to the A.Archaeogastropoda B.Neogastropoda
C.Mesogastropoda D.Opisthobranchia E.Pulmonata
___ 24. The ? are bivalved arthropods whose shells have hinged articulations. A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda
C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea
___ 25. The tube extending from the living chamber to the protoconch of cephalopods is termed the
A.phragmocone B.aperture C.camera D.septum E.siphuncle
___ 26. Within the ?, the polyp stage is typically reduced or lost and the medusoids are often subdivided by
mesenteries. A.Hydrozoa B.Scyphozoa C.Anthozoa D.all of the above are characterized by a reduced
polyp stage and medusoids subdivided by mesenteries
___ 27. ? are characterized by reorientation of the organs, termed torsion. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods
C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods
___ 28. Goniatite sutures are found primarily within ? ammonoids. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic
D.goniatite sutures are equally important in all of the above ammonoids
___ 29. In the ?, the polypide is housed within the zooecium. A.Cnidaria B.Brachiopoda C.Graptolithina
D.Bryozoa E.Protoctista
___ 30. ? are characterized by the presence of a ligula and helens. A.archaeocyathids B.demosponges
C.hyolithids D.conularids E.polyplacophorans
___ 31. Malacostracans are found in ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.terrestrial D.members of the
Malacostraca are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments
___ 32. Orthids, strophomenids, and rhynchonellids are types of A.bryozoans B.cnidarians C.brachiopods
D.molluscs E.echinoderms
___ 33. The presence of siphuncular and cameral deposits are important in the classification of
A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.cephalopods D.bivalves E.gastropods
___ 34. ? have a segmented exoskeleton with paired jointed appendages present on most segments.
A.hemichordates B.cnidarians C.molluscs D.echinoderms E.arthropods
___ 35. In the Anthozoa the ? stage is dominant. A.polyp B.medusoid C.in anthozoans the polyp and
medusoid stages alternate
___ 36. A ? trilobite suture crosses the dorsal surface of the cephalon, passes along the medial edge of the eye,
and intersects the lateral border of the cephalon in front of the genal angle. A.opisthoparian B.marginal
C.gonatoparian D.proparian
___ 37. ? brachiopods are marine. A.all B.most C.some
___ 38. ? are represented by one living species that is segmented. The bellerophontids were important fossils of
this group. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods
___ 39. The ? have a sac-like body with small, loosely-attached plates imbedded within a leathery skin.
A.Helicoplacoidea B.Edrioasteroidea C.Ophiocistioidea D.Cyclocystoidea E.Holothuroidea
___ 40. One of the major purposes of the molluscan mantle is A.in reproduction B.to secrete the shell C.for
propulsion D.for excretion and circulation E.all of the above are important functions of the molluscan
mantle
___ 41. ? were fossil colonial marine organisms with proteinaceous skeletons that were attached to one another
by stolons. A.conodonts B.dinoflagellates C.chitinozoans D.diatoms E.graptolites
___ 42. The ? are small, eyeless trilobites with a subequal cephalon and pygidium. A.redlichiids
B.corynexochids C.ptychopariids D.agnostids E.phacopids
___ 43. Prismatic, crossed laminar, foliated, nacreous and homogeneous shell structures are diagnostic of
A.foraminiferans B.brachiopods C.radiolarians D.molluscs E.arthropods
___ 44. A phragmacone, pro-ostracum and rostrum are features found on A.belemnites B.gastropods
C.bivalves D.rugose corals E.scyphozoans
___ 45. Trilobites are found in rocks of ? age. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.rocks from all of the
above erathems contain trilobites
___ 46. Scaphopods are A.filter-feeders B.deposit-feeders C.carnivores D.herbivores E.all of the above
describe scaphopod feeding
___ 47. The "tail" of a trilobite is termed the A.pygidium B.axial lobe C.pleural lobe D.thorax E.cephalon
___ 48. In the ?, the head is reduced to a rudimentary condition and the foot is wedge-shaped and used for
locomotion. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods
___ 49. ? are corals with septa in multiples of six. A.Rugosa B.Tabulata C.Scleractinia D.all of the above
have septa in multiples of six
___ 50. ? have an opisthosoma with 12 free segments, a pair of oar-like appendages, and a telson.
A.xiphosurans B.arachnids C.myriapods D.onychophorans E.eurypterids
___ 51. Rugose and tabulate corals are present in rocks of ? age. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic
D.rugose and tabulate corals are found in rocks of all of the above erathems
___ 52. Bryozoans are A.solitary B.colonial C.some bryozoans are solitary, others are colonial
___ 53. ? is a type of ammonoid suture characterized by the presence of small lobes and saddles on the major
lobes. A.ammonite B.ceratite C.goniatite
___ 54. Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites are A.xiphosurans B.myriapods C.onychophorans D.arachnids
E.insects
___ 55. ? have an encircling girdle and an aragonite shell composed of eight overlapping plates.
A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods
___ 56. Annelids and arthropods are A.pseudocoelomates B.schizocoelomates C.enterocoelomates
___ 57. Helicoplacoids, edrioasteroids, and ophiocystoids are typically placed within the A.Crinozoa
B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa
___ 58. Dendroids and graptoloids are typically placed within the A.Protista B.Cnidaria C.Hemichordata
D.Bryozoa E.Porifera
___ 59. The Hexapoda includes the A.xiphosurans B.myriapods C.onychophorans D.arachnids E.insects
___ 60. The hyponome in cephalopods is used in A.reproduction B.respiration C.locomotion D.the hyponome
is used for all of the above functions
___ 61. Ostracods ? useful for biostratigraphy. A.are B.are not
___ 62. In the ?, secondary septa develop in four of the six interseptal spaces, therefore a four-fold symmetry is
present. A.Rugosa B.Scleractinia C.Tabulata
___ 63. The eurypterids A.probably lived within waters of "normal marine" salinity B.probably lived in
freshwater, brackish water, or supersaline environments
___ 64. The presence of a well-developed water vascular system is characteristic of the A.Mollusca B.Cnidaria
C.Bryozoa D.Hemichordata E.Echinodermata
___ 65. Trilobites were A.benthonic B.planktonic C.nektonic D.most trilobites were benthonic, others were
planktonic or nektonic
___ 66. ? crinoids are marine. A.all B.most C.some
___ 67. The only gastropod group that is fully torted, in which both right and left gills may be present, is the
A.Archaeogastropoda B.Neogastropoda C.Mesogastropoda D.Opisthobranchia E.Pulmonata
___ 68. Ramiform and pectiniform morphologies describe various types of A.bryozoans B.sponges
C.cnidarians D.conodonts E.graptolites
___ 69. The forward (adapertural) flexure of a suture in cephalopods is termed the A.siphuncle B.umbilicus
C.camera D.saddle E.lobe
___ 70. The presence of ambulacra, a calyx, and cirri is diagnostic of the A.Bryozoa B.Cnidaria C.Crinozoa
D.Ostracoda E.Branchiopoda
___ 71. The ? are myriapods in which some body segments have two legs on each side. A.ostracods
B.chilopods C.diplopods D.scorpions E.ticks and mites
___ 72. The Blastoidea, Rhombifera and Diploporita are found in rocks of ? age. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic
C.Cenozoic D.these groups are found in rocks belonging to all of the above erathems
___ 73. Most ? have pentameral symmetry. A.molluscs B.brachiopods C.cnidarians D.echinoderms E.most
members of all of the above phyla have pentameral symmetry
___ 74. The ? were medium-sized blastozoan echinoderms with paired pores that penetrated some or most of
the thecal plates. A.Eocrinoidea B.Asteroidea C.Blastoidea D.Rhombifera E.Diploporita
___ 75. Ancient horseshoe crabs are found in rocks from ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.there were
both marine and freshwater horseshoe crabs
___ 76. The ? were echinoderms with globular, tightly sutured thecae, bearing erect brachioles. Most had a
hydropore, gonopore and accessory thecal respiratory structures. A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa
D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa
___ 77. Trilobites were present in ancient ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.trilobites were present in
both marine and freshwater environments
___ 78. Isofilibranchs, pteriomorphs, and the anomalodesmatans are types of A.scaphopods
B.monoplacophorans C.cephalopods D.gastropods E.bivalves
___ 79. Within the ?, the calyx is tightly sutured and there are many long, erect, and typically pinnulate arms.
A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa
___ 80. The most important modern reef-building corals are ? corals. A.tabulate B.rugose C.scleractinian
D.all of the above are important modern reef-building corals E.none of the above is a reef-building
coral
___ 81. Dentition, ligament insertion, adductor muscle scars, and pallial line morphology are important for
classification of A.bivalves B.cephalopods C.monoplacophorans D.gastropods E.all of the above
___ 82. Horseshoe crabs, spiders, and eurypterids belong to the A.Trilobitomorpha B.Crustacea C.Chelicerata
D.Myriapoda E.Hexapoda
___ 83. Which of the following is a "cystoid"? A.Diploporita B.Rhombifera C.all of the above D.none of the
above
___ 84. The Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, and Neogastropoda belong to the A.Pulmonata
B.Opisthobranchia C.Prosobranchia D.all of the above E.none of the above
___ 85. Trilobites have ? appendages. A.uniramous B.biramous C.some appendages are uniramous, others are
biramous
___ 86. Which of the following is a coleoid? A.cuttlefish B.octopus C.belemnite D.squid E.all of the above
are coleoids
___ 87. Corals, sea anemonies, and jellyfish, are referrable to the A.Porifera B.Mollusca C.Bryozoa
D.Archaeocyatha E.Cnidaria
___ 88. The barnacles belong to the A.Branchiopoda B.Cirripedia C.Malacostraca D.Arachnida E.Insecta
___ 89. The skeleton of arthropods is primarily made of A.calcium carbonate B.calcium phosphate C.chitin
D.silica E.all of the above
___ 90. Bryozoa are A.vagile benthonic B.sessile benthonic C.planktonic D.nektonic E.all of the above
___ 91. Within the ?, the shell is bilaterally symmetrical if a line is drawn across the valves; the valves are
typically of unequal size. A.ostracods B.bivalves C.malacostracans D.brachiopods E.corals
___ 92. Brittle stars belong to the A.Ophiuroidea B.Asteroidea C.Rhombifera D.Diploporita E.Blastoidea
___ 93. Within the ? brachiopods, the valves are hinged. A.inarticulate B.articulate C.the valves are hinged in
both articulate and inarticulate brachiopods
___ 94. In ?, the skeletal parts consist of microscopic mineralized elements arranged in Apparatuses, which may
constitute Natural Assemblages. A.graptolites B.hyoliths C.criconarids D.conodonts E.rhodophytes
___ 95. Which of the following is true concerning conularids? A.skeleton made of chitin and calcium
phosphate B.pyramidal form C.marine sessile benthonic or nektonic D.range from Middle Cambrian
to Early Triassic E.all of the above are true concerning conularids
___ 96. Trilobites are most useful for ? biostratigraphy. A.Silurian B.Cretaceous C.Cambrian D.Devonian
E.Permian
___ 97. Rudists are types of A.corals B.bivalves C.gastropods D.cephalopods E.bryozoans
___ 98. The presence of abundant cameral and siphuncular deposits in fossil nautiloids probably indicates more
? habits. A.benthonic B.planktonic C.nektonic D.all of the above E.none of the above
___ 99. Probably the most studied group of fossil invertebrates are the A.Echinoidea B.Cephalopoda
C.Bivalvia D.Gastropoda E.Ostracoda
___ 100. The openings of the echinoderm water vascular system to the exterior are covered by a plate termed the
A.ambulacrum B.calyx C.columnal D.theca E.madreporite