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NAME ________________________________________________ PALEONTOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 2 ___ 1. The most primitive crustaceans, in which there may be more than 40 body segments, are the A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea ___ 2. The ? have radial symmetry, most have tentacles, and nematocysts are common. A.Porifera B.Bryozoa C.Hemichordata D.Mollusca E.Cnidaria ___ 3. The molluscan radula is used for A.feeding B.reproduction C.locomotion D.all of the above are important functions of the radula ___ 4. During the Paleozoic essentially all brachiopods were ?-water forms. A.shallow B.deep C.during the Paleozoic both shallow- and deep-water forms were abundant ___ 5. The Stenolaemata, Phylactolaemata and Gymnolaemata are types of A.brachiopods B.crustaceans C.corals D.echinoderms E.bryozoans ___ 6. The ? echinoid morphology is an adaptation primarily for burrowing. A.regular B.irregular C.the morphology of all of the above is an adaptation for burrowing ___ 7. The ? has a free swimming larval stage that settles down on its head, loses the bivalve shell, and attaches to the substrate by antennules. A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea ___ 8. An ammonoid shell type in which the shell is not planispiral and in which the walls of the coil are not in contact is termed an A.orthocone B.cyrtocone C.heteromorph D.ascocone E.gyrocone ___ 9. The asteroids, or "true" starfish, are A.carnivores B.detritus feeders C.some are carnivores, others are detritus feeders ___ 10. The endoceratoid and actinoceratoid cephalopods are found in rocks of the ? Era. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.endoceratoids and actinoceratoids are found in all of the above eras ___ 11. Conchostracans, which can withstand high stress environments such as playa lakes, belong to the A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea ___ 12. In ? shells, the majority of the previous coils are hidden. A.trochospiral B.streptospiral C.rectilinear D.evolute E.involute ___ 13. Lobsters and crayfish belong to the A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea ___ 14. The presence of a pedicle is diagnostic of A.brachiopods B.bryozoans C.molluscs D.echinoderms E.hemichordates ___ 15. In the ?, the body consists of a head, thorax and abdomen. There are three pairs of mouth parts and the three thoracic segments each have a pair of jointed legs. A.ostracods B.chilopods C.hexapods D.arachnids E.xiphosurans ___ 16. A group of echinoderms that have been proposed as ancestral to chordates and other echinoderms are the A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 17. Water turbulence ? the morphology of bryozoans. A.affects B.does not affect ___ 18. Sea cucumbers are more important components of ocean ecosystems at ? water depths. A.shallow B.deep ___ 19. Trochophore and veliger larvae are diagnostic of A.arthropods B.brachiopods C.molluscs D.cnidarians E.echinoderms ___ 20. ? have a tusk-like aragonite shell. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods ___ 21. Sea anemones, corals and sea fans belong to the A.Hydrozoa B.Scyphozoa C.Anthozoa ___ 22. The simplest hinge type in bivalves, in which ligaments are present but teeth are absent, is A.taxodont B.actinodont C.cyrtodont D.edentulous E.isodont ___ 23. The marine nektonic pteropods belong to the A.Archaeogastropoda B.Neogastropoda C.Mesogastropoda D.Opisthobranchia E.Pulmonata ___ 24. The ? are bivalved arthropods whose shells have hinged articulations. A.Cirripedia B.Branchiopoda C.Malacostraca D.Ostracoda E.Blastoidea ___ 25. The tube extending from the living chamber to the protoconch of cephalopods is termed the A.phragmocone B.aperture C.camera D.septum E.siphuncle ___ 26. Within the ?, the polyp stage is typically reduced or lost and the medusoids are often subdivided by mesenteries. A.Hydrozoa B.Scyphozoa C.Anthozoa D.all of the above are characterized by a reduced polyp stage and medusoids subdivided by mesenteries ___ 27. ? are characterized by reorientation of the organs, termed torsion. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods ___ 28. Goniatite sutures are found primarily within ? ammonoids. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.goniatite sutures are equally important in all of the above ammonoids ___ 29. In the ?, the polypide is housed within the zooecium. A.Cnidaria B.Brachiopoda C.Graptolithina D.Bryozoa E.Protoctista ___ 30. ? are characterized by the presence of a ligula and helens. A.archaeocyathids B.demosponges C.hyolithids D.conularids E.polyplacophorans ___ 31. Malacostracans are found in ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.terrestrial D.members of the Malacostraca are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments ___ 32. Orthids, strophomenids, and rhynchonellids are types of A.bryozoans B.cnidarians C.brachiopods D.molluscs E.echinoderms ___ 33. The presence of siphuncular and cameral deposits are important in the classification of A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.cephalopods D.bivalves E.gastropods ___ 34. ? have a segmented exoskeleton with paired jointed appendages present on most segments. A.hemichordates B.cnidarians C.molluscs D.echinoderms E.arthropods ___ 35. In the Anthozoa the ? stage is dominant. A.polyp B.medusoid C.in anthozoans the polyp and medusoid stages alternate ___ 36. A ? trilobite suture crosses the dorsal surface of the cephalon, passes along the medial edge of the eye, and intersects the lateral border of the cephalon in front of the genal angle. A.opisthoparian B.marginal C.gonatoparian D.proparian ___ 37. ? brachiopods are marine. A.all B.most C.some ___ 38. ? are represented by one living species that is segmented. The bellerophontids were important fossils of this group. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods ___ 39. The ? have a sac-like body with small, loosely-attached plates imbedded within a leathery skin. A.Helicoplacoidea B.Edrioasteroidea C.Ophiocistioidea D.Cyclocystoidea E.Holothuroidea ___ 40. One of the major purposes of the molluscan mantle is A.in reproduction B.to secrete the shell C.for propulsion D.for excretion and circulation E.all of the above are important functions of the molluscan mantle ___ 41. ? were fossil colonial marine organisms with proteinaceous skeletons that were attached to one another by stolons. A.conodonts B.dinoflagellates C.chitinozoans D.diatoms E.graptolites ___ 42. The ? are small, eyeless trilobites with a subequal cephalon and pygidium. A.redlichiids B.corynexochids C.ptychopariids D.agnostids E.phacopids ___ 43. Prismatic, crossed laminar, foliated, nacreous and homogeneous shell structures are diagnostic of A.foraminiferans B.brachiopods C.radiolarians D.molluscs E.arthropods ___ 44. A phragmacone, pro-ostracum and rostrum are features found on A.belemnites B.gastropods C.bivalves D.rugose corals E.scyphozoans ___ 45. Trilobites are found in rocks of ? age. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.rocks from all of the above erathems contain trilobites ___ 46. Scaphopods are A.filter-feeders B.deposit-feeders C.carnivores D.herbivores E.all of the above describe scaphopod feeding ___ 47. The "tail" of a trilobite is termed the A.pygidium B.axial lobe C.pleural lobe D.thorax E.cephalon ___ 48. In the ?, the head is reduced to a rudimentary condition and the foot is wedge-shaped and used for locomotion. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods ___ 49. ? are corals with septa in multiples of six. A.Rugosa B.Tabulata C.Scleractinia D.all of the above have septa in multiples of six ___ 50. ? have an opisthosoma with 12 free segments, a pair of oar-like appendages, and a telson. A.xiphosurans B.arachnids C.myriapods D.onychophorans E.eurypterids ___ 51. Rugose and tabulate corals are present in rocks of ? age. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.rugose and tabulate corals are found in rocks of all of the above erathems ___ 52. Bryozoans are A.solitary B.colonial C.some bryozoans are solitary, others are colonial ___ 53. ? is a type of ammonoid suture characterized by the presence of small lobes and saddles on the major lobes. A.ammonite B.ceratite C.goniatite ___ 54. Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites are A.xiphosurans B.myriapods C.onychophorans D.arachnids E.insects ___ 55. ? have an encircling girdle and an aragonite shell composed of eight overlapping plates. A.polyplacophorans B.scaphopods C.monoplacophorans D.bivalves E.gastropods ___ 56. Annelids and arthropods are A.pseudocoelomates B.schizocoelomates C.enterocoelomates ___ 57. Helicoplacoids, edrioasteroids, and ophiocystoids are typically placed within the A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 58. Dendroids and graptoloids are typically placed within the A.Protista B.Cnidaria C.Hemichordata D.Bryozoa E.Porifera ___ 59. The Hexapoda includes the A.xiphosurans B.myriapods C.onychophorans D.arachnids E.insects ___ 60. The hyponome in cephalopods is used in A.reproduction B.respiration C.locomotion D.the hyponome is used for all of the above functions ___ 61. Ostracods ? useful for biostratigraphy. A.are B.are not ___ 62. In the ?, secondary septa develop in four of the six interseptal spaces, therefore a four-fold symmetry is present. A.Rugosa B.Scleractinia C.Tabulata ___ 63. The eurypterids A.probably lived within waters of "normal marine" salinity B.probably lived in freshwater, brackish water, or supersaline environments ___ 64. The presence of a well-developed water vascular system is characteristic of the A.Mollusca B.Cnidaria C.Bryozoa D.Hemichordata E.Echinodermata ___ 65. Trilobites were A.benthonic B.planktonic C.nektonic D.most trilobites were benthonic, others were planktonic or nektonic ___ 66. ? crinoids are marine. A.all B.most C.some ___ 67. The only gastropod group that is fully torted, in which both right and left gills may be present, is the A.Archaeogastropoda B.Neogastropoda C.Mesogastropoda D.Opisthobranchia E.Pulmonata ___ 68. Ramiform and pectiniform morphologies describe various types of A.bryozoans B.sponges C.cnidarians D.conodonts E.graptolites ___ 69. The forward (adapertural) flexure of a suture in cephalopods is termed the A.siphuncle B.umbilicus C.camera D.saddle E.lobe ___ 70. The presence of ambulacra, a calyx, and cirri is diagnostic of the A.Bryozoa B.Cnidaria C.Crinozoa D.Ostracoda E.Branchiopoda ___ 71. The ? are myriapods in which some body segments have two legs on each side. A.ostracods B.chilopods C.diplopods D.scorpions E.ticks and mites ___ 72. The Blastoidea, Rhombifera and Diploporita are found in rocks of ? age. A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.these groups are found in rocks belonging to all of the above erathems ___ 73. Most ? have pentameral symmetry. A.molluscs B.brachiopods C.cnidarians D.echinoderms E.most members of all of the above phyla have pentameral symmetry ___ 74. The ? were medium-sized blastozoan echinoderms with paired pores that penetrated some or most of the thecal plates. A.Eocrinoidea B.Asteroidea C.Blastoidea D.Rhombifera E.Diploporita ___ 75. Ancient horseshoe crabs are found in rocks from ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.there were both marine and freshwater horseshoe crabs ___ 76. The ? were echinoderms with globular, tightly sutured thecae, bearing erect brachioles. Most had a hydropore, gonopore and accessory thecal respiratory structures. A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 77. Trilobites were present in ancient ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.trilobites were present in both marine and freshwater environments ___ 78. Isofilibranchs, pteriomorphs, and the anomalodesmatans are types of A.scaphopods B.monoplacophorans C.cephalopods D.gastropods E.bivalves ___ 79. Within the ?, the calyx is tightly sutured and there are many long, erect, and typically pinnulate arms. A.Crinozoa B.Blastozoa C.Asterozoa D.Homalozoa E.Echinozoa ___ 80. The most important modern reef-building corals are ? corals. A.tabulate B.rugose C.scleractinian D.all of the above are important modern reef-building corals E.none of the above is a reef-building coral ___ 81. Dentition, ligament insertion, adductor muscle scars, and pallial line morphology are important for classification of A.bivalves B.cephalopods C.monoplacophorans D.gastropods E.all of the above ___ 82. Horseshoe crabs, spiders, and eurypterids belong to the A.Trilobitomorpha B.Crustacea C.Chelicerata D.Myriapoda E.Hexapoda ___ 83. Which of the following is a "cystoid"? A.Diploporita B.Rhombifera C.all of the above D.none of the above ___ 84. The Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, and Neogastropoda belong to the A.Pulmonata B.Opisthobranchia C.Prosobranchia D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 85. Trilobites have ? appendages. A.uniramous B.biramous C.some appendages are uniramous, others are biramous ___ 86. Which of the following is a coleoid? A.cuttlefish B.octopus C.belemnite D.squid E.all of the above are coleoids ___ 87. Corals, sea anemonies, and jellyfish, are referrable to the A.Porifera B.Mollusca C.Bryozoa D.Archaeocyatha E.Cnidaria ___ 88. The barnacles belong to the A.Branchiopoda B.Cirripedia C.Malacostraca D.Arachnida E.Insecta ___ 89. The skeleton of arthropods is primarily made of A.calcium carbonate B.calcium phosphate C.chitin D.silica E.all of the above ___ 90. Bryozoa are A.vagile benthonic B.sessile benthonic C.planktonic D.nektonic E.all of the above ___ 91. Within the ?, the shell is bilaterally symmetrical if a line is drawn across the valves; the valves are typically of unequal size. A.ostracods B.bivalves C.malacostracans D.brachiopods E.corals ___ 92. Brittle stars belong to the A.Ophiuroidea B.Asteroidea C.Rhombifera D.Diploporita E.Blastoidea ___ 93. Within the ? brachiopods, the valves are hinged. A.inarticulate B.articulate C.the valves are hinged in both articulate and inarticulate brachiopods ___ 94. In ?, the skeletal parts consist of microscopic mineralized elements arranged in Apparatuses, which may constitute Natural Assemblages. A.graptolites B.hyoliths C.criconarids D.conodonts E.rhodophytes ___ 95. Which of the following is true concerning conularids? A.skeleton made of chitin and calcium phosphate B.pyramidal form C.marine sessile benthonic or nektonic D.range from Middle Cambrian to Early Triassic E.all of the above are true concerning conularids ___ 96. Trilobites are most useful for ? biostratigraphy. A.Silurian B.Cretaceous C.Cambrian D.Devonian E.Permian ___ 97. Rudists are types of A.corals B.bivalves C.gastropods D.cephalopods E.bryozoans ___ 98. The presence of abundant cameral and siphuncular deposits in fossil nautiloids probably indicates more ? habits. A.benthonic B.planktonic C.nektonic D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 99. Probably the most studied group of fossil invertebrates are the A.Echinoidea B.Cephalopoda C.Bivalvia D.Gastropoda E.Ostracoda ___ 100. The openings of the echinoderm water vascular system to the exterior are covered by a plate termed the A.ambulacrum B.calyx C.columnal D.theca E.madreporite