Download Layers of the Earth

Layers of the Earth
Earth’s Beginning
• Earth, the largest rocky planet, was formed about ______________
years ago.
• The Earth's interior is divided into _____________ different layers.
• It is cool on the surface but very _________ deep inside the planet.
• The center, or core, is as hot as ____________________ which is
_______________________than the surface of the __________.
Earth’s Interior
• The Earth's interior is made of _____________ and ____________.
It has ________main layers:
1) the inner core: a _______________ __________________ core
2) the outer core: a _______________ __________________ core
3) the mantle: dense and mostly ______________ _____________
4) the crust: _____________ ______________________ material
Lithosphere:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Asthenosphere:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
The Earth’s Surface
• The Earth's surface is unique from the other planets because it is
the only one with liquid _________________________________.
• Water helps to make surface features such as ________, ______
and ________________________________________________.
• The moving ______________ of the Earth’s surface form other
surface features such as mountains, earthquakes and
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Interior of the Earth
• Many geologists believe that as the Earth cooled the __________,
denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to
the top.
• Because of this, the crust is made of the ____________________
materials (rock- BASALTS and granites) and the core consists of
__________________________________ metals (nickel and iron).
The Crust
• The outermost layer of the Earth is the _____________.
• The crust is the layer that ____________live on, and it is the most
widely studied and understood.
• In the ______________, it is about ________ miles thick.
• On the thickest ______________, it extends some _________
miles into the Earth.
The Mantle
• The region just below the crust and extending all the way down to
the Earth's core is called the _______________.
• The mantle is much ____________ and has the ability to _______.
The Core
 Beneath the mantle is the Earth's _____________.
 The Earth's core consists of two layers:
 The ______________
__________
 It _________ like a liquid
 Mostly made of ________________.
 and a ______________ _________________ core.
 It is VERY ____________!
 It is in a solid state even though it is hot enough to be
melted. This is due to the _________________ amount of
_________________on it from the other layers that lie on
top.
•The Outer and Inner Cores are hotter still with _____________ so
great that you would be ______________ into a ball smaller than a
_____________if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!
•Because the outer core contains __________, when it flows it
generates a ___________________________ ____________.
• This is the source of the _____________________ magnetic field.
Thickness of the layers of the earth (in miles).
The Earth’s Atmosphere
• The atmosphere ______________ Earth and _______________ us
by _______________ out dangerous rays from the sun.
• The atmosphere is a mixture of ______________ that becomes
________________ until it gradually reaches space.
• It is composed of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), and other gases
(1%).
• The ____________________ is divided into ____________layers.
• It is _________________ near the _______________and thins out
with height until it eventually merges with space.
Troposphere
•
The _____________________ is the lowest layer of the earth’s
atmosphere located above the surface of the Earth.
•
It contains ____________ of the Earth's atmosphere.
•
The air is very well mixed and the temperature _______________
with ______________________.
•
_________________ occurs in this layer.
•
Air in the troposphere is heated from the ______________ _____.
•
The surface of the Earth _______________ __________ and
heats up _________________ than the air does.
Stratosphere
• The stratosphere is located above the top of the ______________.
• The ozone molecules _____________________ the dangerous
___________________ radiation from our sun, which causes the
increasing ___________________________ in the stratosphere.
• Many ______ ________________ fly in the ______________
because it is very stable.
• In the Earth's stratosphere, the temperature _______________ with
altitude.
Mesosphere
• In the Earth's mesosphere, the air is relatively mixed together and
the temperature ___________________________ with altitude.
• The atmosphere reaches its __________________ temperature of
around ______________ in the mesosphere.
• This is also the layer in which a lot of ________________ burn up
while entering the Earth's atmosphere.
Thermosphere
•
The air is really __________ energy can cause a large change in
__________________. That's why the temperature is very sensitive
to ____________ activity.
•
When the sun is active, the thermosphere can heat up to
_____________ or higher!
•
The thermosphere is where the ____________ ___________
orbits.
Ionosphere (in the Thermosphere)
•
The Earth's ____________________ also includes the region of the
atmosphere called the _______________________.
•
The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere that is filled with
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
•
Different regions of the ionosphere make long distance _________
communication possible by reflecting the radio waves back to Earth.
•
It is also home to ________________.
Exosphere
• Very high up, the Earth's atmosphere becomes very ___________.
• The region where atoms and molecules escape into
__________________ is referred to as the ______________. This
is the _______________ _____________of our atmosphere.
Label the
layers of the
atmosphere