Download Regents Chemistry

Regents Chemistry
Test Objectives: Solutions









Know that all solutions are classified as homogeneous mixtures
o There are 3 types of solutions: gas in liquid, liquid in liquid, solid in liquid
Know that solutions are composed of 2 parts: solute & solvent
o Given a specific solution you should be able to identify the solute & the solvent
Define the terms unsaturated, saturated & supersaturated
o Know that unsaturated solutions are unstable
o Be able to explain how to prepare a supersaturated solution
Define the terms miscible & immiscible
o know that these terms are used only for the solubility of one liquid in another
liquid
Be able to solve Molarity (M) word problems for any of the 3 possible unknowns in the
formula
o Molarity = moles of solute
Moles of solution
 be able to convert mass of solute to moles before solving the word problems
 be able to convert volume of gas to moles before solving the word problems
Be able to solve Molarity (M) in dilution word problems
Be able to solve for any variable in the equations for % concentration (volume or mass)
& ppm
o remember: need to use mass or volume of the solution to solve these word
problems
o mass solution = mass solute + mass solvent
Be able to describe the effect of polarity, temperature & pressure on the solubility of
solids in liquids, liquids in liquids or gas in liquids
o remember: pressure only effects solubility of gases in liquids
o as temperature increases the solubility of solids tends to increase but the
solubility of gases tends to decrease
Know the factors that effect the rate of solution & why they effect the rate:
o temperature
o stirring or agitation
o surface area






Be able to predict the solubility of non-polar, polar & ionic compounds in polar &
nonpolar liquids
o rule of thumb: ‘like dissolves like’
o know that alcohols have characteristics of both polar & non-polar liquids but do
not dissolve ionic compounds
Determine how soluble a compound is at a given temperature using the solubility traces
found in Table G
o use solubility curves to predict how much water is required to dissolve a given
amount of solute at a given temp or how much solute will dissolve in a given
amount of water
o be able to predict the amount of solute that will crystallize (precipitate) from
solution when it is chilled
o use Table G to predict if a solution is saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated
Determine whether a given compound will be soluble or insoluble in water using the
guidelines in Table F.
Know what makes a compound an electrolyte or a non-electrolyte
o in general ionic compounds are electrolytes & covalent compounds are not
o know how to determine the number of ions a given ionic compound produces when
it dissociates in solution
Define the term collogative properties and know that it is the concentration of the
particles that is important not the nature of the particles
Describe the effects of a non-volatile solute on the freezing and boiling points of a
liquid
o freezing point decreases
o boiling point increases
o know that the effect on fp & bp is proportional to the number of particles in the
solution
 ex: 1M Na2SO4 has a greater effect than 1M NaCl
 ex: 1M KBr has a greater effect than 0.5M KBr