Download AP Chemistry, Mr. Caterina Study Guide Questions for Chapter 13

AP Chemistry, Mr. Caterina
Study Guide Questions for Chapter 13; Sections 13-1, 13-2, 13-3 and 13-6
While completing the AP SSS sheets for the assigned sections, you will also answer the
following questions. Note that some of the questions may not come directly from the
book assignment and may need further research. For any problem that requires
calculations, show all work.
Section 13-1
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. Give examples of solutions that involve only
gases; solutions that involve only liquids; solutions that involve gases in water; and
solutions that that do not have water as the solvent.
List the two factors that determine a substance’s ability to dissolve.
List the IMFs (as described in Chapt 11) that affect solution formation.
Describe the role in IMFs in supporting and/or inhibiting the formation of solutions.
Describe the role of Magnesium Sulfate and Ammonium Nitrate in hot/cold packs.
Use the terms “enthalpy”, “exothermic” and “endothermic” in your answer.
Sectinn 13-2
Define each of the following terms/concepts related to solutions. Give examples where
possible.
- solubility (value) of a solute
- unsaturated solution
- saturated solution
- supersaturated solution
- miscible liquids
- immiscible liquids
- polar molecules
- non-polar molecules
- “like dissolves like”
Explain the role of “cloud seeding” and supersaturation in terms of “forcing”
precipitation from clouds. Include an article (or link) that describes the process of
cloud seeding.
Predict each of the following solutes as being soluble in A) Water
a.
calcium chloride
d. kerosene
or
B) Benzene
b. carbon tetrachloride
c. ammonium hydroxide
d. potassium phosphate
d. phosphorus trichloride
Some alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, are “infinitely miscible” in water. Other
alcohols, such as hexanol and octanol have limited to no solubility in water. Explain.
Section 13-3
A 10-gram “chunky” sample of the solid salt cupric chloride is added to a large beaker
of water at room temperature. Describe and EXPLAIN the affect on the solubility of
this salt under the following conditions:
- the original mixture is stirred vigorously
- the original mixture is cooled to 10 degrees C
- the original mixture is heated to 50 degrees C
the
- the original “chunks” of the salt are ground into a fine powder and then added to
water and stirred vigorously .
A bottle of Pepsi goes flat over a period of time when left with its cap off. Use Henry’s
Law to explain this observation.
Almost all solid salts exhibit an increase in their solubility as the temperature of the
solvent (water) is increased. Why is this true for the majority of salts?
Gases tend to show decreased solubility in water as the temp of water increases.
Explain.
Section 13-6
What is a colloid? Give some examples of common colloids.
Describe the difference between SOLUTIONS, SUSPENSIONS and COLLOIDS in
terms of particle size; ability to settle; ability to pass through filter paper
• What is the Tyndall Effect? Describe the Tyndall Effect as it relates to solutions,
suspensions and colloids.
What is the role of “Emulsifying Agents” in terms of being hydrophilic and/or
hydrophobic?
• Describe Brownian Motion as it applies to colloids.
•