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Chapter 5 – Rome Name ____________________ Section 1 – The Roman World Takes Shape Where is Rome? What is its geography and the effect? How is it founded? - the legend of Romulus and Remus What groups lived there? (Who were the first Romans) What is a republic? - Who are the patricians? - Who are the plebians? - What are the 12 tables? - What are tribunes? - What is a dictator? How does Roman Government work? 1. Senate – made up of 300 landowners 2. Consuls – 2 selected each year by the Senate 3. Dictator – in times of crisis, complete control for up to 6 months What makes up a Roman citizen? What happens to people of conquered regions? Who made up the Roman Army and how? Roman Society Role of Women Education Religion/Mythology Section 2 – From Republic to Empire What are the Punic Wars? Who When Why Outcomes Decline of the Roman Republic – reasons 1. Social 2. Political 3. Military Who is Julius Caesar? How does he rise to power? What does he do with his power? Reform What happens to him? Why? What does this lead to? What is the role of Augustus? Effect Pax Romana – Marcus Aurelius What is it? Why did it happen? What are the effects? What are the similarities/differences between the Roman Republic and Roman Empire? Republic Similiarities/Differences Empire Role of government Role / make up of Senate and Legislature Leadership Section 3 – The Roman Achievement Roman Writing Virgil Horace Livy Tacitus Roman Philosophy - Roman art and literature – ideals of strength, solidity, permanence Roman Art – Roman Architecture - Greco-Roman civilization = Greek + Hellenistic + Roman Romans take Greek and Hellenistic and through cultural diffusion, put spin on it Roman Science and Mathematics – Roman Law - Section 4 – The Rise of Christianity Rome – mostly polytheistic; empire showed religious tolerance as long as citizens showed respect and willingness to honor and respect to the emperor. Roman interaction with the Jews – 63 B.C. - A.D. 66 - What is the role of Jesus? How does this religion spread? Christianity Founders Region Key Beliefs Texts After life ideology What problem does the Roman society have with Christianity? - Used as a scapegoats for the economic and social problems of the society What causes the continued rise in the number of Christians 1. welcomes all people 2. inspires the poor and oppressed 3. promise of better life after death 4. message of love 5. equality and dignity for all Who is Constantine? What is the Edict of Milan? What is the structure of the Church? Section 5 – The Long Decline Economic 1. trade disrupted by emergence of pirates 2. raising of taxes 3. emergence of inflation 4. failing agriculture due to soil over use 5. dependence on slave labor 6. decline in population leads to less tax revenue 7. cost of government and military Military 1. less loyalty in soldiers 2. the use of mercenaries 3. less disciplined and trained than previous armies Political 1. lost sense of patriotism 2. dealing with high unemployment rates 3. political instability (constant change of emperors) 4. corruption 5. division of the empire, leaving East wealthy and West without aid (Diocletian) Social 1. poor farmers not allowed to leave land of wealthy landowners for whom they worked 2. less interest by upper class in civil matters 3. lost sense of patriotism Solutions to these problems 1. Diocletian – 284 AD A - double the size of the army B - set prices on goods C - divide the empire into 2 parts 2. Constantine – 312 AD ruler of the Western empire A – religious toleration for Christians B – moved capital of Roman Empire to Byzantium, renamed Constantinople What event leads to the eventual fall of Rome - Germanic Invasions Huns move into Europe, Germanic tribes needs place to go – W. Empire By 476, Roman Empire in Rome is gone, the Byzantine Empire emerges and remains for 1000 years Legacy of Rome 1. language – Latin is the basis for the Romance languages 2. engineering – aqueducts, arches, stone-concrete-sand roads 3. law – equality, innocence until proven guilty, burden with the accuser not the accused, persecution for actions not thoughts, unjust laws get thrown out, apply to rich and poor alike Rome falls physically, but as for its ideology and thought, it carries on into today