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Chapter 5 – Rome
Name ____________________
Section 1 – The Roman World Takes Shape
Where is Rome?
What is its geography and the effect?
How is it founded?
- the legend of Romulus and Remus
What groups lived there? (Who were the first Romans)
What is a republic?
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Who are the patricians?
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Who are the plebians?
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What are the 12 tables?
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What are tribunes?
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What is a dictator?
How does Roman Government work?
1. Senate – made up of 300 landowners
2. Consuls – 2 selected each year by the Senate
3. Dictator – in times of crisis, complete control for up to 6 months
What makes up a Roman citizen?
What happens to people of conquered regions?
Who made up the Roman Army and how?
Roman Society
Role of Women
Education
Religion/Mythology
Section 2 – From Republic to Empire
What are the Punic Wars?
Who
When
Why
Outcomes
Decline of the Roman Republic – reasons
1. Social
2. Political
3. Military
Who is Julius Caesar?
How does he rise to power?
What does he do with his power?
Reform
What happens to him?
Why?
What does this lead to?
What is the role of Augustus?
Effect
Pax Romana – Marcus Aurelius
What is it?
Why did it happen?
What are the effects?
What are the similarities/differences between the Roman Republic and Roman Empire?
Republic
Similiarities/Differences
Empire
Role of government
Role / make up of Senate
and Legislature
Leadership
Section 3 – The Roman Achievement
Roman Writing
Virgil
Horace
Livy
Tacitus
Roman Philosophy -
Roman art and literature – ideals of strength, solidity, permanence
Roman Art –
Roman Architecture -
Greco-Roman civilization = Greek + Hellenistic + Roman
Romans take Greek and Hellenistic and through cultural diffusion, put spin on it
Roman Science and Mathematics –
Roman Law -
Section 4 – The Rise of Christianity
Rome – mostly polytheistic; empire showed religious tolerance as long as citizens
showed respect and willingness to honor and respect to the emperor.
Roman interaction with the Jews –
63 B.C. -
A.D. 66 -
What is the role of Jesus?
How does this religion spread?
Christianity
Founders
Region
Key Beliefs
Texts
After life
ideology
What problem does the Roman society have with Christianity?
- Used as a scapegoats for the economic and social problems of the society
What causes the continued rise in the number of Christians
1. welcomes all people
2. inspires the poor and oppressed
3. promise of better life after death
4. message of love
5. equality and dignity for all
Who is Constantine?
What is the Edict of Milan?
What is the structure of the Church?
Section 5 – The Long Decline
Economic
1. trade disrupted by emergence of pirates
2. raising of taxes
3. emergence of inflation
4. failing agriculture due to soil over use
5. dependence on slave labor
6. decline in population leads to less tax revenue
7. cost of government and military
Military
1. less loyalty in soldiers
2. the use of mercenaries
3. less disciplined and trained than previous armies
Political
1. lost sense of patriotism
2. dealing with high unemployment rates
3. political instability (constant change of emperors)
4. corruption
5. division of the empire, leaving East wealthy and West without aid (Diocletian)
Social
1. poor farmers not allowed to leave land of wealthy landowners for whom they
worked
2. less interest by upper class in civil matters
3. lost sense of patriotism
Solutions to these problems
1. Diocletian – 284 AD
A - double the size of the army
B - set prices on goods
C - divide the empire into 2 parts
2. Constantine – 312 AD ruler of the Western empire
A – religious toleration for Christians
B – moved capital of Roman Empire to Byzantium, renamed Constantinople
What event leads to the eventual fall of Rome - Germanic Invasions
Huns move into Europe, Germanic tribes needs place to go – W. Empire
By 476, Roman Empire in Rome is gone, the Byzantine Empire emerges and remains for
1000 years
Legacy of Rome
1. language – Latin is the basis for the Romance languages
2. engineering – aqueducts, arches, stone-concrete-sand roads
3. law – equality, innocence until proven guilty, burden with the accuser not the
accused, persecution for actions not thoughts, unjust laws get thrown out, apply to
rich and poor alike
Rome falls physically, but as for its ideology and thought, it carries on into today