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Ancient Greece Geography of Ancient Greece “Frogs in a Pond” Lots of isolated city-states Polis, city-state Politics, involvement in affairs of the city-state Islands and mountains on mainland Sea-Traders Mild Climate Lack of resources—push factor to move out Minoan Civilization Based in Knossos, Crete Sea-faring tradition Rich trading kingdom—traded around Mediterranean Likely destroyed by Earthquake—basis for Atlantis Minotaur Bull-leaping for religious reasons Basis of myth Mycenaens Indo-European invaders into Greece Conquer Crete & preserve Minoan culture Wealthy warrior kings, defeat Troy to dominate Aegean Sea Replaced by less advanced Dorian invaders who lack written language Myths Traditional stories about Gods Explain natural events, human nature Homer: The Iliad and the Odyssesy about Trojan War Zeus: ruler of gods, lives on Mount Olympus Greek City-States Run by Male Citizens Citizen-Soldiers Helots: peasants forced to work the land Different Governments Monarchy: king rules Aristocracy: nobles rule Oligarchy: a few people rule Democracy: Citizens vote and express viewpoints Persian Wars Feuding Sparta and Athens unite to fight outsiders Greeks win to gain control of Aegean Sea Greeks better equipment, navy, training Victory at Marathon: messenger to Athens Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Athens vs. Sparta Athens Avoids civil war & strife by increasing democratic rule; funds for farm equipment, large building projects (giving people money) Focus on sea trade, arts, culture Valued wisdom and education Women not very free Important Arch: Acropolis, Parthenon Athens vs. Sparta Sparta Militaristic society Ruled by warrior kinds with assembly of free males Emphasized “Sparta over Family” Trained youth in athletics—boys in military, girls in sports Valued war, strength, honor Peloponnesian War Athens vs. Sparta Athens got “too big for its britches” and tried to tell Sparta, rest of Greece what to do Athens defeated; led to decline in democracy Checking for Understanding Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Athens and Sparta? A Both Athens and Sparta were weak city-states. B Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women. C The Athenians placed the military at the center of their society; Spartans generally did not. D Sparta demanded more subordination of its citizens to the demands of the state than Athens. Checking for Understanding Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Athens and Sparta? A Both Athens and Sparta were weak city-states. B Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women. C The Athenians placed the military at the center of their society; Spartans generally did not. D Sparta demanded more subordination of its citizens to the demands of the state than Athens. Greek Arts Drama Tragedies and Comedies with male actors Masks, painted scenery, amphitheater Themes: love, war, hubris, betrayal Satire of Athenian Life Sophocles Greek Arts Art 4 Main Characteristics Idealize Human Forms Celebrate the Polis Proclaim Greek Ideals Make Beauty Useful Philosophers Philosophers “Lovers of Wisdom” Three Main Philosophers of Athens: Socrates Plato Aristotle Socrates Students examine beliefs Q&A—Socratic Method Charged with corrupting youth, condemned to death Plato Perfectly governed society with 3 classes in The Republic: Farmers/Artisans Warriors Ruling Class/ “Philosopher King” Critical of Democracy—see what happened to Socrates? Aristotle Questioned nature and humanity Scientific method Tutor for Alexander the Great Macedonians InvadeGreece from north under King Philip II Alexander takes over after father’s murder Expands empire: Persia, Egypt, Indus Valley (kicked out by Mauryans) Welcomed in Egypt, made Pharaoh Empire and Legacy blends many cultures—Hellenistic Age Hellenistic Culture Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultures Spread Greek everywhere Centered in Alexandria, Egypt Hellenistic Culture Science & Technology Lat and Long for maps and sky charts Astronomy: earth/sun at center discussion Eratosthenes, accurate circumference “Geography” Ptolemy Geometry: Euclid’s school, Pythagorean Theorem Archimedes: pully, lever, steam engine, screw Hellenistic Culture Philosophy Stoicism: control desire, live in harmony with natural and divine laws Sounds like what religion? Epicureanism: harmonize body and mind Sounds like what Chinese philosophy? Checking for Understanding The spread of Greek Culture all over the eastern Mediterranean and the former Persian Empire is known as A: Zoroastrianism B Olympization C Hellenization D Greekization Checking for Understanding The spread of Greek Culture all over the eastern Mediterranean and the former Persian Empire is known as A: Zoroastrianism B Olympization C Hellenization D Greekization