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World History Classical Civilizations Ancient Greece Chapter 5 Section 2: Warring City-States Read pages 127-133 to complete the following: 1. Describe the following forms of government Form of Government Description Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyrants Democracy 2. Describe the role of the following reformers in developing democracy in Athens? A. Draco B. Solon C. Cleisthenes 3. Briefly describe education in Athens. What types of subjects were taught? How did education differ in Athens for boys and girls? 4. Why did Sparta develop a military state around 650 BC? What officials ruled over the military forces? 5. Describe Spartan daily life? What did they value more than intellectual pursuits? Why did girls and women have more freedoms in Sparta than in Athens? The Persian Wars: Last Stand of the 300 - Video Introduction to the Persian Wars 1. Who was the Persian king that invaded Greece in 480 B.C.? Who was the Spartan leader chosen by the Greek alliance of city-states to defend the pass at Thermopylae? 2. In addition to his army, what else was Xerxes planning to use in order to surround and defeat the Greeks at Thermopylae? Who was the Athenian military leader charged with stopping this strategy? 3. What would happen if either Leonidus or Themistocles failed to defend against the Persians? Spartan Youth and Training 4. What was the first thing that was decided about a Spartan infant immediately after birth? What would happen to them if it was felt they had any weaknesses or defects? 5. At what age were Spartan boys taken from their families to begin military training? What was one of the final tests of all young Spartans? What happened when they completed their training at age 18? 6. Who did Leonidus consult for advice on whether to join with the other Greeks against Persia? How many Spartan warriors was he allowed to choose to go into battle with him? Background of the Persian Wars 7. What had happened in 499 BC that set the stage for the Persian Wars? What mistake did the Athenians make that ultimately led to the wars? Who was the Persian king that vowed revenge? 8. What happened to the Persian Army at Marathon in the first Persian War in 490 BC? What happened to the Greek soldier that ran back to Athens to announce the great victory? 9. What happened to Persian Emperor Darius before he could seek revenge? Who did it fall upon to carry out the next attempt at revenge? 10. How many Persian forces did Xerxes bring into northern Greece in 480 AD? The Battles of Thermopylae and Artemesium Strait 11. What military formation was used by the Spartans? What were Spartan soldiers called? 12. What was the Spartan’s primary and most deadly weapon? Why was it important that the hoplites worked together in unison? 13. What had happened by the end of the first day of battle at Thermopylae? What was also happening at the same time on the Artemesium Strait? Who was the mastermind of the Greek strategy? 14. What group did Xerxes send into battle at Thermopylae on the second day? What happened to them? The Final Stand 15. What did Leonidus order most of the other non-Spartan Greeks to do when he found out that they were surrounded? Why did he not withdraw and save his own forces? 16. What happened once the Greek phalanx was finally broken on the third day? How were the remaining Greek forces finally killed? What did the Persians find when they arrived in Athens two months later? 17. In what battle masterminded by Themistocles was the fate of the Persian defeat finally decided? 18. What Greek leader finally attacked and defeated the Persians on their own territory over a century later? What would have likely been the fate of democracy if not for the Battle of Thermopylae and the ultimate Greek victory over the Persians?