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Name_______________________________________________________________ Period __________
AP World History Ch 19 Reading Study Guide #2 P. 426-441
1. How was Indian society reorganized and exploited under the Spaniards? Pg. 426
2. Why did the Spanish crown limit the inheritability of encomiendas? Pg. 426
3. Even though Early Latin America was an agricultural society, what was the main economic activity? Pg. 427
2. What precious metal was the basis for Spain’s wealth? Pg. 427
3. Where was the principal mine for this metal? Pg. 427
4. How did the Spanish crown claim some on this resource? What percent? Pg. 427
5. How did mining spur other sectors of the Latin American economy? Pg. 427
(Thinking Historically: An Atlantic History?, Pg. 428-429)
6. Is the concept of "Atlantic history" too broad or too narrow? (Reading, Pg. 429)
7. How can matters like gender, ethnicity, or family be studied in an Atlantic perspective? (Reading, Pg. 429)
8. How did the Spaniards attempt to keep their treasure galleons safe from pirates and foreign privateers? Pg. 429-430
9. How did these treasure shipments cause inflation and further debts for the Spanish government? Pg.430
10. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesiallas? Pg. 430
11. Through what body did Spanish monarchs govern their holdings in the new world? Pg. 430
12. Why did Spanish religious authorities burn ancient Mayan books? Pg. 431
Borrowed from Mr. Walker
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13. Critical thinking: Why do you think authorities encouraged celebrated intellectual Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz to
abandon her books, poetry, music & social criticism in favor of ‘spiritual matters’? Pg. 431
14. After a brief exploitation of dyewood trees, what became the principal economic activity in the Portuguese colony of
Brazil? Pg. 432
15. Why did the Portuguese import so many African slaves to Brazil? Pg. 432
16. How were Brazil’s ties to Portugal closer than those of other Latin American colonies to Spain? Pg. 432-433
17. What group of frontiersmen discovered gold in Brazil? Pg. 433
18. When did Rio de Janeiro become the capital of Brazil? Why? Pg. 433
19. How did Portuguese colonial gold wealth cause similar problems to that of Spain’s silver wealth? Pg. 434
20. Who were the mestizos? Pg. 434
21. What is the socieadad de castas? How did it impact Latin American culture? Pg. 434
22. What is the difference between peninsulares and creoles? Why do you think creoles came to resent this distinction?
Pg. 435
(Visualizing The Past: Race or Culture? A Changing Society, Pg. 435)
23. Do modern censuses that use cultural or "racial" labels face the same problems of definition that the early censuses
in the colonial Americas confronted? (Reading, Pg.435)
24. How did lower-class /peasant women enjoy (some) greater rights? Pg. 436
25. What was the outcome of the War of Spanish succession? Pg. 438
26. How was the Spanish Succession actually favorable for Spain’s commercial interests in the new world? Pg. 438
Borrowed from Mr. Walker
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27. Why were the Jesuits expelled from both the Spanish & Portuguese empires? Pg. 438
28. How did the new Spanish Bourbons (temporarily) revive the floundering Spanish Empire? Pg. 439
29. What were some of the important reforms of the Marquis de Pombal of Portugal? Pg. 439
30. What role did population play in the creation of reforms and revolts? Pg. 440
Borrowed from Mr. Walker
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