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Early Exploration and Colonization Objective #1 • Analyze the changing world situation and its impact on the colonization effort in America. Objective #2 • Identify and explain reasons for European exploration. Objective #3 • Explain the changes and conflicts that occurred when the diverse worlds of Europe, Africa, and the Americans collided after 1492. What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? • Gold – Look in Africa – Money for industrial advancement – Renaissance: Science and technology – The royal coffers/wealth – 15th c.: European mines running low – Eastward trade routes blocked by Ottoman Turks What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? • Glory – Fierce competition to add to empire – Nationalism – Renaissance inspired many people to explore and seek individual glory What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? • Spices – – – – Food preservation Luxuries (sugar) Bathing? Columbus looked for western trade route to Asia • Muslim middlemen would charge tolls • Long, dangerous routes What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? • Christianity – Catholic Spain and Portugal – Christianize the Asians Portugal Took Early Lead • Superior technology – Examples: caravel, compass, schools • Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal and Africa • Trade in gold, ivory and slaves – 40,000 slaves taken from Africa before discovery of America • Millions more after discovery of America • Will be established as a source of “cheap labor” – Work Portuguese sugar plantations • Modern plantation system Christopher Columbus • Convinced he could reach Indies by sailing West. • Landed in the Bahamas in 1492. • Brought cinnamon, gold, coconuts, slaves back to Spain Early Triangle Trade Native Americans • 1492: 50 million people inhabited North and South America • Very diverse – Incas – Mayans – Aztecs • Agricultural advancements • Complex irrigation systems • Some alliances (more so in the South) Colonization (15th-17th c.) • • • • Spain and Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation Europeans bring disease to N. America • 90% of Natives wiped out.