Download PARTS OF SPEECH

SUPPLEMENTARY 1
PARTS OF SPEECH
There are 8 parts of speech that are used to describe English words which are:
NAME
FUNCTION
EXAMPLE
1. Noun
A noun is a word
that refers to a thing,
animal, place,
quality, action, or
idea.
An adjective is a
modifier or qualifier
that modifies the
meaning of a noun
or phrase.
A verb is a word that
expresses an
occurrence, act, or
mode of being
Modifies (tells you
more about) the verb
A conjunction is any
word or group of
words, other than a
relative pronoun,
that connects words,
phrases, or clauses:
Prepositions are
words that show
time, place,
movement,
direction,relationship
An interjection is a
word that expresses
strong emotion in a
sentence:
The words ‘a’, ‘an’
or ‘the’ which
precede nouns or
adjectives
There are desks and chairs in every
classroom.
2. Adjective
3. Verb
4. Adverb
5. Conjunction
6. Preposition
7. Interjection
8. Article
My teacher, Mrs Jones, comes from
England.
The talented teacher motivated the
enthusiastic students.
We work in the mornings; we play sport in
the afternoons; we study in the evenings.
He ran fast (how) at the athletics meeting
yesterday (when).
She went to school although she was feeling
ill.
The teacher sat on the chair behind her table
in the classroom and spoke to her students.
Yikes! I'm late!
John won a prize for history.
Peter won the history prize.
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The different parts of speech used in sentences.
Here are some sentences made with different English parts of speech.
1)
noun
Naiman
verb
is working
2)
noun
Children
verb
love
adjective
funny
noun
people
verb
speaks
noun
English
adverb
well
verb
speaks
adjective
good
noun
English
3)
noun
Sheena
4)
noun
Kelly
5)
noun
She
verb
likes
adjective noun
big
snakes
conjunction pronoun verb
but
I
hate
pronoun
them
Here is a sentence that contains every part of speech.
6)
interjection pronoun conj.
Well,
she
and
adj.
young
noun
Nik
2
verb
walk
prep.
to
noun
school
adverb
slowly
A) Nouns
Nouns are words that name people, animals, places, things and ideas. They come in these
forms: common , proper, collective and abstract.
Type of Nouns
Usage
Determiners
Examples
a) Common nouns
A, an, a few, some, a lot of,
Woman, boy, cow, tortoise,
- Nouns that refer to people,
several
shoe, radio, village,
animals, things and places
museum
in general.
b) Proper nouns
-, The
Sultan Mahmud Shah, the
- Nouns that refer to
Park Royal, Selangor, the
particular people, places or
Union Jack, Lorong Merbau
things. They always begin
with capital letters.
c) Collective nouns
A, the
Gang of thieves, flock of
- Nouns that are used to
birds, herd of cows, bouquet
refer to groups of people,
of flowers
animals or things, taken
together as a whole.
d) Abstract nouns
The
Sleep, confidence, fun,
- Nouns that refer to
wisdom, thirst, work,
qualities, actions or states of
disappointment, help
being.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
We should also know whether a noun is countable or uncountable:
Type of Nouns
Usage
Determiners
a) Countable nouns
A, an
Examples
Magazine, apple
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- Nouns that can be counted
A few, fewer, some, many,
Cats, farms, bicycles,
and have singular and plural more, several, plenty of, etc. mountains
forms
b) Uncountable nouns
We cannot use a/an with
- There has been a lot of
- Nouns that cannot be
these nouns. To express a
research into the causes of
counted. They have no
quantity of one of these
this disease
plural form. They take
nouns, use a word or
- He gave me a great deal
singular verbs.
expression like:
of advice before my
- They are often the names
A little, less, a lot of, some,
interview.
for abstract ideas or
much, more, plenty of, etc
- The have got a lot of
qualities.
furniture.
- Can you give some
information about
uncountable nouns?
BE CAREFUL with the noun ‘hair’ which is normally uncountable in English:
She has long blonde hair
It can also be countable when referring to individual hairs:
My father’s getting a few hairs now
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Exercise 1
Complete the passage using each noun in the following list once. You will have to
make some nouns plural.
concern
loneliness
decision
home
holiday
time
television
Australia
toy
brothers
Daniel
week
Forest
Daniel was feeling lonely because his two 1)_____________ were away from
2)__________studying abroad and it was the June 3)___________. 4)____________
tried everything to cheer himself up. He played with his many 5)_____________ but the
6)____________ would not go away. He tried going for a walk in the 7)__________ but
this made him feel even lonelier. His mother was filled with 8)_____________ for Daniel
as he looked so sad and spent most of his 9)__________ staring miserably at the
10)_____________. At last, Daniel’s mother came to a 11)______________. She would
take Daniel to see his brothers even if it meant travelling all the way to
12)________________ and spend the remaining three 13)__________ of the holiday
with the family united.
Exercise 2
Complete the passage, choosing the correct nouns from the box.
metres
emperor
Great Wall of China
armies
road
walls
years
Shih Huang Ti
China
enemies
empire
barbarians
valleys
world
wall
mountains
height
year
length
places
The Great Wall of China is a huge (1)_____________________that is found in
(2) __________________________. This very tall and long wall was built along the
northern border of China many hundreds of (3)______________________ago, in about
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the (4)______________________200B.C. It was built to protect the people in the
(5)________________________of China against any attacks from the nvading
(6)_________________________of the (7)___________________________.
Local feudal lords had been building some (8)_______________________ and
forts for many years. They built them in (9)________________________where the
armies of their (10)________________________, the barbarians, found it easy to attack
them. Examples of such places were gaps in the (11)____________________________.
But it was not until the reign of the great (12)____________________________,
(13) _______________________________, who reigned from 221 to 210 B.C., that all
these walls and forts were joined up and made into one long continuous giant wall. When
the (14)______________________________ was all linked up, it reached the
(15)__________________________ of about 2400 kilometres. It was, and still is, the
longest wall that has ever been built in the (16)________________________.
The (17)______________________________ of the wall changes along the way.
It varies from 6 (18)____________________________ to 16 metres high. The wall winds
up mountains and down (19)__________________________. Along the top of the wall,
there used to be a (20)__________________________that was more than 4 metres wide.
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B) ADJECTIVES
Adjectives qualify or describe nouns and pronouns. They add interest and colour to
sentences by describing or giving more information.
1. The adjective may come before a noun:
Example: The clever (adjective) boy won the prize
2. The adjective may follow a linking verb (is, am, are was, were):
Example: The boy is clever (adjective).
3. Adjectives may be formed from nouns:
Example: The boy is an athlete (noun). He is an athletic (adjective) boy.
There are several kinds of adjectives:
1. Descriptive adjectives or adjectives of quality (what kind)
These are the most commonly used adjectives.
Example: The loyal child…
2. Proper adjectives
These are proper nouns used as adjectives.
Example: The August winds are good for flying kites.
3. Adjectives of quantity (how many)
Two/many/several/few/some/most children…
4. Adjectives of order (position)
Example: He came first/second/last in the race.
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5. Demonstrative adjectives (which one)
Example: This/That book…
6. Possessive adjectives (belonging to)
Example: My/his/her/our/their/your computer…
7. Interrogative adjectives (which one)
Example: Which/What/Whose lesson...
8. Compound adjectives
Adjectives joined by hyphens are called compound adjectives.
Example: a well-deserved result / a feather-light cake
Exercise 1
1.
Keisha is __________ (comfortable, comfort) in school.
2.
The stories in this book have a lot of _________ (variety, various).
3.
I am __________ (curiosity, curious) about the game.
4.
Is the boy _________ (confidence, confident) today?
5.
He is not ___________ (responsibility, responsible) for his behaviour.
6.
Are those books _________ (valuable, value)?
7.
A student must have __________ (responsible, responsibility).
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8.
The little kid has a lot of _________ (curious, curiosity)
9.
My car is not ________ (dependable, dependability)
10.
The doctor has a bad _________ (ill, illness).
11.
That ___________ (generous, generosity) gentleman is very _________ (rich,
richness)
12.
Those young girls are ___________ (playful, playfully) and never get any work
done.
13.
The policemen are ________ (tired, tiring)
14.
She looks _________ (beautiful, beautifully) in that white dress.
Exercise 2
Read the following passage carefully. Then complete each of the blanks with the best
adjectives.
The sea was (1) as the wing blew gently. The cruise liner (2) set sail an hour ago moved
on steadily. It was my first journey on a ship and I was enjoying (3) moment of it.
From the deck of the ship, I could see some fish playing near the surface of the
water. There were a couple of (4) blue whales following our ship. They were a sight to
behold.
I enjoyed the company of the (5) people on the ship. The captain and his crew (6)
attended to all my needs made me feel very (7). There were musicians and dancers to
entertain us. The ship also had a (8) library of books. What I loved most about (9) cruise
was the opportunity to meet (10) interesting people.
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1.
A
B
strong C
calm D
peaceful
turbulent
2.
A
B
who
what
C
D
which
whom
3.
A
B
all
very
C
D
some
every
4.
A
B
dark C
darker D
darkest
most dark
5.
A
B
smart C
proud D
friendly
indifferent
6.
A
B
what
who
C
D
which
whom
7.
A
B
tired
queer
C
D
comfortable
terrible
8.
A
B
good C
better D
best
well
9.
A
B
this
that
C
D
these
those
10.
A
B
much
more
C
D
many
most
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