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Transcript
Plants – Part 2 Plant tissues are made of 1) Parenchyma cells are the Store Help heal Have 2) Collenchyma cells provide They are They have Celery strings are 3) Schlerenchyma cells are the Have a Die when Used by humans to make Plant organs are made of o Dermal tissue It It Forms o Ground tissue is found It It Most commonly made of o Vascular tissue transports Two networks of Xylem transports Phloem transports Water & dissolved materials move through the o Xylem contains Vessel elements are Tracheid cells are Xylem cells o The cohesion-tension theory explains Plants Cohesion is Adhesion is o Water travels from roots to Absorption occurs at the o Cohesion and adhesion occurs in the o Transpiration occurs at the Transpiration is the Water vapor exits through It helps pull water to the Phloem carries sugars from photosynthesis o Phloem contains Sieve tube elements are cells that have Companion cells help Unlike xylem, o The Pressure-Flow Model explains Plants actively transport sugar from the Sugar flows to the sink due to Roots o Roots provide Support Absorb, transport & store Root hairs help with o There are several parts of a root: Root cap Apical meristem is the Vascular cylinder contains o There are Fibrous root systems Taproot systems Stems: o Stems have many functions: They support House Store Grow underground for Form o Some stems are o Some stems can be o Stem growth: Primary growth Secondary growth o Tree rings help Heart wood Sapwood Tree rings are due to In spring if water is plentiful In the following months when water becomes more limited Most leaves share some similar structures: o The blade is Collects sunlight for Connects to the stem by a o Mesophyll is between the o Guard cells surround each Stomata open and close when When stomata open Stomata close at night and when the plant o Leaves may be o Leaf veins may be o Leaf margins may be Most leaves are o There are 2 types of mesophyll cells: Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Both contain o Leaves have many For For For For Plant life cycles alternate between o A two-phase life cycle is called Haploid phase Diploid phase Alternates between the two o The spore-producing plant is the Sporophyte phase is Begins with The zygote divides by mitosis & grows into the The mature sporophyte produces spores through o The gamete-producing plant is the Gametophyte phase is Begins with The spore divides by mitosis and grows into the The mature gametophyte produces gametes through Life cycle phases look different among various plant groups o Nonvascular plants have a Moss gametophyte look like Moss sporophytes shoot up as o Seedless vascular plants have a Fern spores form in sacs Fern gametophyte, A zygote forms on the o Seed plants have a Pine trees are Female spores are produced in Male spores are produced in Male spores develop into Female spores develop into Sperm from pollen Fertilized egg Ovule develops into Flowers contain reproductive organs o Sepals and petals are Sepals are Petals can help o A stamen is the Anther produces pollen grains Filament supports the o The innermost layer of the flower is the Stigma Style is the Ovary produces Flowering plants can be pollinated by o Flowering plants are pollinated when o Wind pollinated flowers have o Animal pollinated plants have Pollination occurs when animals feed Animal pollination is more efficient than Fertilization takes place within the o Male gametophytes, or pollen grains, are produced in the Male spores produced in the anthers by Each spore divides by Two cells form a o One female gametophyte can form Four female spores are produced in the ovules by One spore develops into One cell has One cell will develop into an o Pollination occurs when One cell from Other cell forms o Flowering plants go through the process of One sperm The other sperm unites the polar nuclei The endosperm provides o Each ovule becomes a The surrounding ovary grows into a Animals, wind, and water can o Seeds dispersed by animals can have o Seeds dispersed by wind can have Seeds begin to grow when environmental conditions are o Seed dormancy is a Dormancy may end when While dormant o Germination begins the growth of an embryo into a Water causes a seed to Embryonic root (the radicle) Water activates enzymes that Embryonic shoot (the plumule) Leaves emerge o Once photosynthesis begins the plant is called a