Download Plant Notes Fall2013

Intro to Plants
and
Non-vascular plants
IN: 81a
General Characteristics
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How do you know this
cell is eukaryotic?
Autotrophic
Multicellular
Non-motile
Eukaryotic
Cell Wall made of
Cellulose
• Exhibit alternation of
generation life cycle
• Evolved from green
algae
What do Cladograms show us?
Essentials for
survival
1. Light
2.Water and minerals
3.Gas exchange
ability
4.Ability to move
water and nutrients
Plant Adaptations to Life on Land
Place the
leaf
crosssection
on IN: 80a
1. Cuticle- waxy protective outer covering
helps to prevent water loss & injury
2. stomata- openings on underside of the leaf
that allow gas exchange & prevent
excessive water loss from the plant
(transpiration)
a. Day-open (most of the time), release water
& oxygen and take in carbon dioxide
a. Night- close to prevent water loss
3. Cellulose-carbohydrate that strengthens
the stems; found in plant cell walls
In which group of organic compounds
would you place cellulose?
4. Spores, seeds, fruits- reproductive structures
5. Leaves- photosynthetic organs
6. Roots- organs to help anchor and absorb water
Vascular & Nonvascular Plants
1. Nonvascular
Plants without
vessels for water &
mineral transport
No true roots,stems
or leaves
Example-mosses
2. Vascular
Plants which contain
vessels for transport
A. xylem- vessels
transporting water &
minerals up to leaves
B. Phloem- vessel
transporting sugar
down to roots
C. Cambium- found btw
xylem & phloem:
makes new xylem &
phloem
Example-flowers, trees
Nonvascular Plants
moss
1. “AKA” Bryophytes –Division name
2. Ex. Mosses, liverworts,hornworts
3. Small, soft plants which grow in clumps
4. Absorbs water like a sponge
5. Live in moist, shaded areas
6. Small in size (1-2 cm)
7. Pioneer plants: break down rock
8. Grow close to the ground
liverwort
9. Depend on water for reproduction.
10. No true roots, stems or leaves
hornwort
Reproduction in Mosses
a. alternation of generations: alternation
between haploid & diploid stages
b. Gametophyte- body
form which produces
gametes
c. Sporophyte- form
which produces spores,
grows from a gametophyte &
relies on it for water &
minerals
Label the moss diagram on
your left page IN: 80b
capsule
sporophyte
stalk
Stemlike
structure
Leaflike
structure
gametophyte
Steps in reproductive cycle of a Moss IN:80b
1. Spore(n) germinate &
form gametophyte (n)
generation.
2. Antheridium- forms
male gametes(sperm) ay
tips of gametophyte
3. Archegonium- forms
female gametes(egg) at
tips of gametophyte.
n
n
2n
n
4. Sperm fertilizes egg &
zygote (2n) is formed
5. Zygote divides and
forms sporophtye (2n)
2n
n