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Atoms & Isotopes What is an Atom? • The smallest particle of an element that can still retain the properties of the element neutrons protons electrons What is an Atom? Remember that the Number of Protons in the nucleus will determine what atom it is. For example: 0 + + 0 0 0 + Lithium What Atom is this? _____________ (Because it has 3 Protons) To figure out the mass of this atom, you need to add up all particles with relative mass (Protons & Neutrons) MASS of the ATOM 3p + 4n 7 So, then what is an Isotope? They are atoms of the same element that have different Number of Neutrons but must have the same number of Protons. 0 + + 0 0 + What is the mass of this Lithium Isotope? MASS of the ATOM 3p + 3n 6 So, then what is an Isotope? What’s the same and what’s different about these two Lithium Isotopes? 0 + + 0 0 0 + Lithium Element: _________ 3 Protons: _________ 3 Electrons: _________ Neutrons: _________ 3 + + 0 0 0 + Lithium Element: _________ 3 Protons: ________ Electrons: ________ 3 Neutrons: ________ 4 Why is the Relative Mass = 1? The Relative Mass is measure in amu’s. (Atomic Mass Unit) 1 amu is equal to the mass of Carbon-12 Proton Which means… 1 amu is equal to the 1.665402 x 10-27 Kg OR (0.000000000000000000000000001665402 Kg) THAT’s REALLY, REALLY SMALL! Remember we read the Table Information like this: 47 Ag 107.868 How do we write Isotopes? 184 Mass Number Atomic Number 74 W Element Symbol Or like this… Tungsten - 184 How do calculate the particles of an isotope? 27 13 Al Protons are equal to the Atomic Number. Electrons are equal to the Atomic Number. Neutrons MUST BE CALCULATED. They are equal to the Mass Number - Atomic Number. p = 13 n = 14 27 - 13 e = 13 *** Average atomic mass on the periodic table must first be rounded to the nearest whole number before you can find the number of Neutrons More Practice Problems 52 Cr 24 Element: Chromium _________ Protons: _________ 24 Electrons: _________ 24 Neutrons: _________ 28 197 Au 79 Element: _________ Gold Protons: ________ 79 Electrons: ________ 79 Neutrons: ________ 118 More Practice Problems 35 Cl 17 Element: _________ Chlorine Protons: _________ 17 Electrons: _________ 17 Neutrons: _________ 18 37 Cl 17 Element: _________ Chlorine Protons: 17 ________ Electrons:17 ________ Neutrons: 20 ________ Practice Problems 83 Bi Copper-64 208.98 Bismuth Element: _________ Protons: _________ 83 Electrons: _________ 83 Neutrons: _________ 126 Cu Symbol: _________ Protons: ________ 29 Electrons: ________ 29 Neutrons: ________ 35
