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The Ear: Hearing and Balance Anatomy of the Ear The ear is divided into 3 parts: the ________________ ear the ________________ ear the ________________ ear The outer and middle ear structures are ______________________________________________. The inner ear functions in both _____________________________________________________. Outer (External) Ear Made up of the _________________ and the _____________________________________. The pinna is ____________________________________________________________________. The shell-shaped structure surrounds the auditory canal. The auditory canal is carved into the ______________________________. In its skin-lined walls are _________________________________ that secrete a waxy, yellow substance called ________________ or cerumen. ___________________________ that enter this canal eventually reach the tympanic membrane or ___________________ where they _________________________________. The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear. The Middle Ear It is bordered: ____________________by the _____________________ ____________________by a bony structure with 2 openings The structures of the middle ear are: The ________________________________ The _________________ (three small bones) The Eustachian tube (AKA: the auditory tube) runs obliquely downward to link the ___________________ with the ____________. Typically, this tube is ___________________ and closed, but yawning or swallowing can temporarily open it up. Doing this will _____________________________________________ within the middle ear to that of external environment. This is important, because when the ____________________________________________, the eardrum ___________________________________; this causes hearing difficulty and often earaches. The middle ear also houses the 3 smallest bones (________________) in the body. The ossicles ______________________________________________________ from the eardrum to the fluid within the inner ear. Each of these bones has 2 names apiece: _________________ or malleus _______________ or incus _________________ or stapes Transmitting Sound When the _____________________________, the _________________ moves with it. The _________________ transfers the vibrations to the ______________. The anvil next passes the vibrations onto the _________________ which presses on the oval window. Movement at the __________________________ sets the fluids in the inner ear into motion, and this is perceived by nerves called ________________________________. The Inner Ear The inner ear is made up of a combination of parts known as the bony labyrinth. These bones lie deep within the temporal bone just behind the eye socket. There are 3 subdivisions to the bony labyrinth: The ________________ (for hearing) The _____________________ (the connector) The ___________________________ (for equilibrium) The Cochlea The special __________________________________ is the cochlea The cochlea is a (curled up) tube _____________________________________ and lined with ______________________________________________ that pick up the fluid vibrations transmitted by the ossicles. Nerve impulses are created and then transmitted through the _______________________________ nerve to the hearing center of the brain. Pathway of Hearing Sound waves → ________________ → ____________________________ → tympanic membrane → ear ________________ → vibrations stimulate the receptors in the _______________ → nerve signals travel through (auditory part of) the vestibulocochlear nerve) → ___________________________ of the brain for interpretation. The Semicircular canals ____________________________________________________ are 3 semicircular canals. They also filled with liquid and are lined by nerve cells. The liquid and neurons identify when there is ________________ of the ____________ or of the ____________. An impulse is then sent to the ___________________ helping to maintain body ____________________. Pathway of Equilibrium Movement _____________ → stimulates nerve cells in the ___________________________________ of the inner ear → nerve signals travel through (vestibular part of) the vestibulocochlear nerve → ____________________ of the brain for interpretation.