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Name_____________________________ Date_________ Hour___________ UNIT 4ATEST REVIEW: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1. Monomers are linked together to make ______________ 2. List the elements in each compound: a. Carbohydrates ____________________________ b. Lipids _______________________________ c. Proteins ___________________________ d. Nucleic Acids ____________________________ 3. The most abundant organic compound in the biosphere is ______________________, which is found in _____________________________and used in manufacturing _______________________________. 4. What is the second most abundant organic compound in the biosphere? _____________________. What is it found in? _________________________________________________________________ 5. Animals store excess glucose as they polysaccharide, ____________in liver and muscle cells. 7. Plants store excess glucose as the polysaccharide, _____________. 8. Give the definition of an organic compound. _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. List the indicator used when testing for each. a. Monosaccharides _________________________ b. Polysaccharides ______________________ C. Proteins________________________________ d. Lipids ____________________________ 10. What type of bond holds amino acids together? ______________________ 11. Joining two monosaccharides to make a disaccharide is an example of what process? _______________ 12. Splitting a disaccharide into two monomers is an example of what process? ______________________ 13. What is the chemical formula for a disaccharide? _________________ Give an example of a disaccharide.________________Monosaccharide? ___________Give an example of one_____________ 14. Unsaturated fats have ________________bonds while saturated fats have _______________bonds. 15. Which fat is the ‘good’ fat? ____________________ The ‘bad’? _____________________ 16. Unsaturated fats are found in plant based foods like _______________________________________ 17. Saturated fats are found in animal based foods like_________________________________________ 18. The process that uses amino acids to create a protein is? ___________________________________ 19. The process that breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides is? _________________________ 20. In reference to question #18, is this making or breaking down a molecule?___________________ 21. In reference to question #18, Does water need to be added to or removed from this reaction? ________ 22. In reference to question #19, is this making or breaking down a molecule?_________________ 23. In reference to question #19, Does water need to be added to or removed from this reaction? _______ 24. Polymers are formed by joining ______________ together. 26. All 4 organic compound groups contain _______________, _________________, ________________ 27. Making a disaccharide from two monosaccharides is an example of ______________ _______________. 28. Dairy products are a ____________source of both proteins and lipids 29. Which elements are in proteins and/or nucleic acids, but not in lipids or carbs? 30. What amino acids together? ________________________________ What is the only difference between one amino acid and another one?_________________How many amino acids are there? _____ 31. Which part of an atom determines what it can bond with? ________________ 32. What would you look for in the chemical structure of a lipid tell you if it saturated or unsaturated? __________ _____________________________________________________________________ Type of bond_____________#of electrons____ Type of bond_____________#of electrons____ 33. What is the chemical formula of this molecule? Type of bond_____________#of electrons____ ______________________ 34. What type of fat has carbon completely surrounded by H? ____________why can this happen? ______________________________________________________________________________ 35. If iodine is dropped on a piece of paper, it turns black because ________________________________ 36. When your cells need energy the molecule they break down first is ___________________ once that is used up they begin to break down stored _____________________, but when a plant cell needs energy, it will first break down _______________________ once that is used up it will begin breaking down stored ____________________________. 37. Which organic compound group was not tested in our lab? _________________________What did the victim’s stomach contents contain? ______________________________________________ 38. If 4 amino acids are combined, how many water molecules would be given off? ___________ *EXPLAIN why the chemical formula of a disaccharide is not double of a monosaccharide. _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ The following data was obtained while conducting a lab testing the organic compounds Carbohydrates (sugar and starch), proteins and lipids. Indicators Solution A Solution B Solution C Solution D Benedicts Turns Orange Turns Dk. Blue Turns Blue Turns Orange Iodine Turns Black Turns Yellow Turns Black Turns Orange Biurets Turns Blue Turns Purple Turns Blue Turns Purple Brown Paper No Spot Spot No Spot Spot 39. Name the organic substance(s) in Solution A. ___________________________________________ 40. Name the organic substance(s) in Solution B. ____________________________________________ 41. Name the organic substance(s) in Solution C. ____________________________________________ 42. Name the organic substance(s) in Solution D. ____________________________________________ P. Protein L. Lipids C. Carbohydrates 44.____________ Nucleotides are monomers 45. ____________Fatty acids and glycerol are monomers 46. ____________Second energy source 47. ____________Starch and glycogen are examples 48. ____________Main energy source 49. ____________ RNA and DNA are examples 50. ____________Contains the genetic code for making proteins 51. ____________Amino acids are monomers 52. ____________ C6H12O6 53. ____________Skin, enzymes and muscles are examples 54. ____________Steroids are an example 55. ____________Saturated and unsaturated 56 ____________Monomers are monosaccharides 57 ____________ Do NOT test food for this organic compound 58. ____________Forms Cell membranes 59. ____________Contains phosphorous 60. ____________Dipeptides and polypeptides 61____________Makes cells to build structures 62 ____________Contains sulfur 63. ____________ Cholesterol 64. __________________ can function as enzymes. 66. _______________ determines what proteins our body makes. N. Nucleic Acids 56. List at least 3 characteristics of an enzyme. a. _______________________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________________________________ 57. Does a catalyst lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction or increase it? ______________ 58. Are all catalysts are enzymes? ______________ 59. Are enzymes are used up during a chemical reaction? ____________ 60. A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an) _______________. 61. Enzymes are biological __________________. 62. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing what? ____________________________ 63. The name of an enzyme usually ends in ________________. 64. The substrate fits into a particular region of an enzyme called the _____________ __________. 65. Extreme pH levels or temperatures above 40degrees Celsius causes the enzyme to do what? ______ __________________________________________ 66. After the reaction with the enzyme, what happens to the substrate? _______________________ _________________________________ 67. Are enzymes living things? ___________________ Figure 2–2 pH Values of Some Common Substances Substance pH Hydrochloric acid 1.0 Sulfuric acid 1.2 Tomatoes 4.2 Rainwater 6.2 68. What is the strongest acid listed in Figure 2–2?______________ 69. What is the weakest acid? ________________________ 70. What is the pH of the strongest base listed in Figure 2–2?______ 71. What is the pH of the weakest base? _________ ACID BASE S S 1_________________________7________________________14 N E U T R A L Pure water 7.0 Sea water 8.5 Ammonium chloride 11.1 Sodium hydroxide 13.0