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Mechanical Waves - Key Idea: How does energy travel through matter?
Focus
Question
Detailed Explanation
Solid
1.How does
energy travel
through matter?
2. How is sound
produced?
3.What are the
qualities of
sound?
Travels the best,
quickest and farthest
Liquid
Real World Example: Draw a
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Picture(caption) or Write in Words this?
*Lab
*Assignment
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Gas
Travels slower than
Travels poorly,
a solid, but faster than slowly.
a gas.
Cowboys in the old west used to put
their ear to the train track to hear if the
train was coming. They could hear in
the track way before the heard it. (do
not try this at home)
An object vibrates back and forth
Amplitude- Height of wave, loudness of sound
Pitch- higher the frequency, the higher the sound
Frequency- How often the waves occur. The higher the
frequency, higher pitch
quiet,low
4. How can we
tell there has
been a transfer of
energy?
5. Draw and
Label a
transverse wave.
It makes the medium vibrate
loud, low
quiet, high
loud,hi
When playing bocce ball, air hockey,
billiards, you can see the energy being
transferred from one object to the next.
Jump rope
Focus
Question
Detailed Explanation
Real World Example: Draw a
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Picture(caption) or Write in Words this?
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Slinky
6. Draw and label
a longitudinal
wave.
7. What are the
different kinds of
mechanical
waves?
Mechanical waves require a medium to pass through.
Sound, ocean, surface, seismic
8.How does
sound travel?
Vibrations from moving objects push nearby
molecules. The energy is transferred in compressions
and rarefactions through the medium.
9.How can
vibrating objects
affect other
objects?
One object vibrating can cause a second object to vibrate if
it vibrates at the same frequency. This is called resonance.
Some sounds can cause an object to vibrate until it breaks,
such as a sound/wineglass.
10.How does
changing the
position of a
moving object
change its sound?
The Doppler Effect tells us that as objects move toward us,
the sound waves are compacted so the frequency is
increased, which causes a higher pitch sound. As the object
making sound passes by, the sound waves are spread apart
more and the frequency decreases, which causes the sound to
have a lower pitch.
Ocean waves, sound waves
from an instrument, earthquakes
are seismic waves
2 people can hear each other talking
with tin can and string.
Focus
Question
Real World Example: Draw a Picture (caption)
Reflection
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this?
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Refraction
11.What happens
when sound
waves interact
with each other?
\
Constructive
Destructive
Diffraction
Detailed Explanation
Focus
Question
12.How are
speed, frequency
and wave length
related?
As speed increases, wavelength decreases, and frequency
increases.
13.How do sound
waves, travelling
as vibrations,
allow for hearing
to occur?
The compressions and rarefactions of moving molecules
push through the medium until the energy reaches the
eardrum. The eardrum moves in response and the sound
waves are translated into sound in the brain.
14.How is sound
used to help
humans?
We use sonar to find objects underwater. We use
Ultrasound to see inside the body. Traffic signals have
sounds to help disabled people. Used in surgery, clean
jewelry, communicate
15.What causes
the Doppler
effect and why
does it occur?
A moving object making a noise causes the sound
waves to compress as it approaches a listener, and
will refract as it moves away.
Real World Example: Draw a
Where can I find
Picture(caption) or Write in Words this?
*Lab
*Assignment
*Book page
Train Horn
Car Honking its horn
Nascar Track
Police driving by with a
siren on
Focus
Question
Detailed Explanation
16.Can you
measure the wave
length and
amplitude of a
wave?
Real World Example: Draw a
Where can I find
Picture(caption) or Write in Words this?
*Lab
*Assignment
*Book page
Do not write a Real World Example.
Measure the Wavelength and Amplitude.
Wavelength = ______________ cm
Amplitude = ______________ cm
17.Can you
demonstrate what
you know about
pitch, amplitude
and sound by
making music?
When playing an instrument if I need to change the pitch I must
change the wavelength. If I want it higher pitch, I must shorten it. If I
want a lower pitch, I need a longer wavelength. If I want a louder
sound I need to change my amplitude by adding energy. If I want a
quieter sound I need to reduce my amplitude and reduce the amount of
energy.
18. How do water
waves travel?
Outward in all directions from a source.
Combination of transverse and longitudinal. They
require a medium. They transmit ENERGY not
matter.
Outward in all directions from the epicenter. It
requires a medium. Travel as P wave, S wave, and
surface waves.
19. How do
seismic waves
travel?
When we did Sound Sandwich
Straws far apart = low pitch
Straws close together= high pitch
Bang a drum hard, it will be louder,
but if I barely hit it, it will be quiet.
Key Idea - How does light energy (E.M. waves) travel through matter?
Focus
Question
20. What are the
properties of
light?
21.How is the
energy from the
sun absorbed on
Earth?
Detailed Explanation
Real World Example: Draw a
Picture(caption) or Write in Words
Is a transverse wave, does not need a medium to
travel. It reflects, defracts, refracts, and causes
interference.
I can see my reflection in the
mirror. I can see light under the
door.
Land and water absorb heat energy and transfer it to
the air.
The equator absorbs more direct
sunlight making the land and
water at this location a tropical
climate.
22. How is heat
energy absorbed
by different types
of matter?
Water has a lower heat capacity (takes longer to
heat up and longer for it to release energy) than sand
and soil.
23. How does the
medium through
which light
travels affect its
speed?
Liquid
How does the
sun produce heat
and light energy?
Nuclear fusion is the reaction that takes place in the
sun.
Slowest-
Gas
Vacuum
2nd Fastest
Fastest
When I am at the beach on a sunny
day, the dry sand gets hot and burns my
feet. The water or wet sand is not hot
and I can walk on it without shoes!
The spoon in water looks
bend at the bottom due to the
speed change of light in air
and water.
Where can I
find this?
*Lab
*Assign
*Book page
Focus
Question
What is the
nature of light
and
electromagnetic
waves
What are the
parts of the
electromagnetic
spectrum?
Where can I find this? Real World Example: Draw a
Picture(caption) or Write in Words
They are transverse waves that do not need a
medium to travel though.
Type
Fill in the
remaining
types
Radio
Waves
Visible
Light
Light can travel through
space which is why we see the
light from stars (sun).
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma
Rays
Wave
length
> 1 x 10-1
1 x 10-3 1 x 10-1
7 x 10-7 1 x 10-3
4 x 10-7 –
7 x 10-7
1 x 10-8 4 x 10-7
1 x 10-11 1 x 10-8
< 1 x 10-11
Frequency
< 3 x 109
3 x 109 –
3 x 1011
3 x 1011 4 x 1014
4 x 1014 7.5 x 1014
7.5 x 1014
- 3 x 1016
3 x 1016 3 x 1019
> 3 x 1019
Heat up
food,
GPS,
Radar
TV
remotes,
night vision,
heat lamp to
keep food
warm
For Sight
Goggle/
Instrument
sanitizer,
tanning
Used to
back fake
teeth
Security
at airports,
Medical xrays
Kill
cancer cells
Real
world
example
What are the
colors of the
electromagnetic
spectrum?
Microwaves Infrared
Real World Example: Draw a
Picture(caption) or Write in Words
Radio and
TV signals,
cellphones
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Where can I
find this?
*Lab
*Assign
*Book page