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Vibration A vibration is the complete back-andforth motion of an object. One common characteristic of sound (VIBRATION) Sound Wave Sound Wave A longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a medium. Does Air travel with sound? No no no no no !!!!!! It does not How fast does sound travel? Depends on the medium it’s traveling through. Air (0°C) Air(20°C) Air (100°C) Water (20°C) Steel (20°C) 331 m/s 343 m/s 366 m/s 1,482 m/s 5,200 m/s Other Mediums Sound can travel Through? Other than air sound can travel through liquids and solids. Temperature affects sound. Warm : Speeds up Cold : Slows down So sound speed depends on medium and temperature, to name a few. Medium • Medium A physical environment in which a phenomena occur. Here sound can’t travel outside this man’s space suit..No medium to travel through. Collects sound waves Small organs increase the size of the vibrations. Changes the vibrations into electrical signals that your brain interprets as sound. Tinnitus • TinnitusHearing loss. Causes ringing in the ear. Once hearing loss is established the ear can not repair itself. You can prevent hearing loss by 1. Wearing ear protectors 2. Walking away from the loud sound. When a tree falls in the forest and no one is around • Yes it produces a sound even though your not around to hear it. Pitch NO! NO! Pitch PitchA measure of how high or low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave. Ultrasonic Frequency Ultrasonic Frequency Sounds that are too high for people to hear. Above 20,000 Hz Doppler Effect • Doppler Effect An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving. How pitch and Frequency are related. The lower the pitch the lower the frequency. The higher the pitch the higher the frequency. Loudness Loudness A measure of how well a sound can be heard. Yelling won’t get it there any faster. Amplitude The harder you strike the drum the louder the bang. Amplitude- The largest distance the waves vibrate from their rest position. Thus the greater the amplitude the more energy the sound wave has. Thus it will sound louder. Decibel- (dB) The most common unit used to measure loudness. Expressed: 120 db is the threshold of pain dB Decibel Oscilloscope A device that graphs sound waves Sound waves are longitudinal but the oscilloscope graphs them as transverse