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Name _______________________________
Sound Notes Chapter 12 (Read pg. 344-353)
*Denotes material not in the text.
1. Sound Waves:
- are produced by _____________________ and move in all direction from the source without carrying matter
- transfer energy through ___________________________ waves in which particles move back and forth in
the direction the wave is moving.
- move faster through __________________________ materials.
- move faster at _____________________________ temperatures.
Review:
2. How do you measure the wavelength of a compressional wave?
3. How do you measure the frequency of a compressional wave?
4. What is loudness? _______________________________________________________________________
5. Sound waves have a higher ________________________ and therefore carry more ___________________
when the ______________________ are more dense and the ______________________ are more spread out.
6. What does the Decibel Scale measure? ______________________________________________________
7. At what decibel level does hearing damage (in humans) begin? ___________ And pain? ____________
8. What is pitch? __________________________________________________________________________
9. The higher the pitch, the __________________ the frequency and shorter the _______________________.
10. What frequencies can human ears detect? ___________________________________________________
11. What determines the pitch of a person’s voice? _______________________________________________
12. Why do males tend to have lower- pitched voices and females tend to have higher voices? ____________
________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Some animals can detect higher (ultrasonic) frequencies. List 3 examples: _______ ________ ________
14. What is an echo? _______________________________________________________________________
15. What surfaces does sound reflect best off of? ________________________________________________
16. How are gyms and theaters designed differently? Why? _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
17. When some animals navigate and hunt by emitting a high pitch pulse and waiting for it to reflect back to
them it is called ___________________________. Some animals that use it are: _______________________
18. What is the Doppler Effect? ______________________________________________________________
- the frequency (pitch) seems higher when you and the sound are going the same _______________________
(ex. ambulance coming behind you)
- the frequency seems lower when you and the sound are going in ___________________________ directions
(ex. ambulance has passed you)
19. What are two ways in which you have experienced the Doppler effect? ____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
20. Sound diffracts more as the _______________ of the wave becomes closer to the ________ of the barrier.
21. What is ultrasound? What are its uses? ______________________________________________________
22. *What is s.o.n.a.r.? What are its uses? ______________________________________________________
23. *What is an oscilloscope? ________________________________________________________________
Section 2: Music (Read Pg. 355-363)
24. What is the difference between music and noise? _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
25. What are natural frequencies? _____________________________________________________________
26. What is resonance? _____________________________________________________________________
- musical instruments use resonance to ______________________ their sound
- combined vibrations (constructive interference) increase the _____________________ of sound
27. How does constructive inference affect the sound you hear? _______ Destructive interference? ________
28. When might you experience each of these types of sound interference? ____________________________
*As the source of a sound reaches the speed of sound:
1) The waves get closer together and result in _____________________ interference
2) The source of the sound needs to overcome the pressure of the compressed waves in order to go faster than
the speed of sound
3) Once the source is going faster than the sound waves (supersonic speed) the waves trail behind the object.
4) At the outer edges the waves combine to form a _____________________. A ____________________ is
the explosive sound heard when a shock wave reaches your ears.
29. What are fundamental frequencies? ________________________________________________________
30. What are overtones? ____________________________________________________________________
31. The sequence of notes with certain frequencies that increase as pitch increases is called a _____________.
*What determines the sound quality of instruments? ______________________________________________
Instrument Families - This will also be covered by students in small groups!
32) Strings
 The ______________________ and ______________________ the string, the lower the pitch.

Make sound by being __________________ or ___________________
Examples: ______________________________________________________
33) Wind
 The pitch is changed by altering the __________________ of the air column (longer = lower)

Sound is produced through the ______________________________________
Woodwind Examples: ___________________________ Brass Examples: ____________________________
34) Percussion
 Pitch is controlled by the ___________ of the instrument (larger = lower)

Sound is produced when _____________________ to vibrate
Examples: ______________________________________________________
35. What are beats? ________________________________________________________________________
36. What is reverberation? __________________________________________________________________
What does each part of the ear do?
37) Outer Ear: __________________________
- It directs sound to the ____________________
38) Middle Ear: __________________________
- sound vibrates ________________ and then three small bones (__________, __________, and __________)
which amplify the sound
39)Inner Ear: __________________________
- sound vibrates oval window, the fluid-filled inner ear, and the hair-like cells lining the _________________
- nerve impulses travel along the auditory nerve to the part of the ________________ responsible for hearing
to determine the intensity and duration of the sound
40. *What is tinnitus? ______________________________________________________________________
41. How can you protect your hearing? ________________________________________________________