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Name: ____________________ Date: ___________________ Class: _____________ Virtual Lab: Virtual Frog Dissection Part I: Lab Report 1. If you come upon any terms that are unfamiliar to you, please refer to your textbook for further explanation or search the word here: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html. In this exercise, you will be performing a virtual frog dissection. To begin, click on the “Introduction” link on the opening page. Read through and listen to the information presented to learn about the basics of dissection and animal phylogeny 2. Once you are back to the opening page, click the “External Anatomy” button. Read through, watch and listen to the information presented in these segments. When you are finished, click the “Menu” button at the bottom of the page to return to the opening page of the laboratory activity. 3. The last portion of this activity involves an examination of the internal anatomy of a frog. To do this, click the “Internal Anatomy” button on the opening page of the laboratory. Read through, watch and listen to all of the information presented in these segments and actively participate where required. You may have to do a virtual cut on the frog by dragging the appropriate tool to the frog or label organs of the dissected frog by dragging the appropriate organ names to the site on the opened frog. Please STOP when you are through with each labeling step and be sure to fill in your final answers on Figures 1 and 2 below. 4. When you are through opening all of the segments in the “Internal Anatomy” section, you will have successfully completed the virtual dissection. Virtual Lab Questions A. Introduction a. Natural History: i. Define Dorsal: ___________ ii. What phylum are frogs in? ________________ iii. What subphylum? ____________________ iv. Define vertebrate: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ b. Dissection Tools i. List the dissection tools used in a frog dissection ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ B. External Anatomy a. Introduction i. What are the possible colors of the dorsal side of a frog? _____________________________________________ ii. What is the underbelly of the frog called? ___________ iii. Name the five main parts of the frog: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ b. Skin i. Why is the frog’s skin slippery? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. What does skin aid in? How is this different from humans? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. List two reasons why there is mucus coating the frog’s skin: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ c. Head i. Why is the location of the frog’s eyes important? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. What is the tympanic membrane for? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. Trace the path of sound in the frog ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ d. Cloaca i. What three substances can be discharged from the cloaca? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. Where is the cloaca located? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ e. Legs i. Compare the frog’s forelimbs to the frog’s hind limbs: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. How many digits (toes) does each forelimb have? _______ C. Internal Anatomy a. ** Initial Cut i. How should the frog be placed when dissected? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. Where should the pins be placed in order to hold the frog down? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. How should the pins be inserted? ____________________ iv. On the frog below, indicate the placement of the five initial incisions? v. The first cut should only be through the _______________ vi. After the skin is cut, stabilize the skin with __________ vii. Why is the skin part of the respiratory system? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ viii. Why is the muscle tissue cut? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ix. Where is the muscle tissue cut? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ x. After the muscle is cute, stabilize with __________ b. **Digestive System i. Why is the jaw cut? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. Where is the jaw cut? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. Name the two openings you see inside the frogs mouth. Where is each located? What system do each involve? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iv. What are the tooth-like structures in the frogs mouth called? ______________________________ v. Where are these structures located? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ vi. Label the organs of the digestive tract below (Liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine, cloaca) vii. Describe the size and structure of the liver: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ viii. What is the purpose of the liver? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ix. What occurs in the stomach for the first time and what two digestive organs does it connect? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ x. What is the purpose of the gallbladder? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ xi. What is the purpose of the pancreas? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ xii. What is the purpose of the small intestine? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ xiii. What is the purpose of the cloaca? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ xiv. In the lab, the liver, stomach, pancreas and intestines will be removed. Locate each organ and indicate the incisions for this extraction on the diagram below. c. Respiratory System i. What two organs are involved in the respiratory system of the frog? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. Trace the path of air from the atmosphere to the frogs lungs: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. How many lungs do amphibians have? ________________ d. **Circulatory System i. What is the purpose of heart? The vessels? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. What is the smallest vessel:________________________ iii. What vessels do capillaries connect? _________________ iv. What is the purpose of arteries? Of veins? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ v. Describe the structure of the frog’s heart. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ vi. How does it differ from the human heart? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ e. **Reproductive System i. What is formed in testes? In ovaries? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. What is the purpose of fat bodies? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. Describe the structure of the testes: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iv. Describe the structure of the ova: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ v. Trace the path of the egg from ova to fertilization: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ f. Excretory i. What is the purpose of the kidneys? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. Define ureters: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. iv. Where does the waste from the kidneys exit from? __________________________________________ g. Nervous i. What are the three main parts of the nervous system? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. What two parts are the brain separated into? ________________________________________________ iii. What is the olfactory lobe responsible for? _______________________________________________ iv. What part of the brain is located behind the olfactory lobe: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ v. What are the optic nerves responsible for? ____________ vi. When dissecting to see the brain, where are the cuts made? Indicate on the diagram below: vii. How is the skull removed to access the brain? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ h. Muscular i. The muscles are attached to ________________ and responsible for ______________. ii. What muscles will be viewed in the lab?______________ The incision should be made according to diagram below iii. Once the incision is made, list all instructions to get to the muscle: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iv. The muscles of the frog are organized in _______________ v. What do the muscles in the upper leg move? ___________ vi. What do the muscles in the lower leg move? ___________ i. Skeletal i. What two regions does the skeletal region include: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ii. Where each of these regions located? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ iii. How many bones does each region contain? Name one bone in each region: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________