Download Biol 212 Exam 1 Review Part 2

Biol 212
Exam 1 Review: Part 2 Name:_________________
Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts. How do their features indicate their “probable
endosymbiotic origin”?
Why is the lipid bilayer called a ‘fluid mosaic’? (i.e. what experiment shows its fluidity, and what are its
components?)
How is membrane fluidity modified?
How do hibernators tolerate cooling? (i.e. what happens, and why does that happen?)
Biol 212
Exam 1 Review: Part 2 Name:_________________
What are the 4 ways a molecule can cross the lipid bilayer? What types of molecules are transported by
each method? Indicate where cells get the “energy” for transport.
Name
Molecules
Energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
How do cotransporters differ from these other ways of crossing the membrane? (i.e. molecules and
energy used)
Define—
Kinase—
Diffusion—
Facilitated Diffusion—
Active Transport—
Endocytosis—
Exocytosis—
Cotransport-1st law of thermodynamics—
2nd law of thermodynamics—
Temperature—
Free Energy—
Entropy—
Enthalpy—
Biol 212
Exam 1 Review: Part 2 Name:_________________
Fill-in-the-blank and (Circle)
_______________ is the sum of all chemical reactions. ______________ is the breakdown of large
molecules into smaller molecules which usually (requires/releases) energy. Reactions that release
energy are called (exergonic/endergonic). _________________ is the process of putting small molecules
to build larger molecules which usually (requires/releases) energy. Reactions that require energy are
called (exergonic/endergonic). Metabolism will have a (negative/positive) ∆G if catabolism exceeds
anabolism. Metabolism will have a (negative/positive) ∆G if anabolism exceeds catabolism.
Kinetic energy is the energy of _____________. It can be measured by ________ energy which is the
random motion of molecules. Potential energy is the energy of ______________ or ______________
which means that it is stored energy. Two examples of stored energy are __________________ energy
and ___________________ energy. Cells use energy for _________________, ___________________,
and ___________________ work.
Energy:
E=
Power:
P=
Why do cells couple endergonic reactions to exergonic reactions? What are the requirements for
coupling to occur?
How does ATP work to provide energy for chemical reactions? (Think about it in terms of the 1st law of
thermodynamics)
What does it mean when an enzyme is saturated?
Biol 212
Exam 1 Review: Part 2 Name:_________________
Draw a graph representing reaction rate for competitive and allosteric (non-competetive) inhibitors as
substrate concentration increases. (These are the graphs from the quiz in class). Label the axes.
Cellular Respiration!
Fig. 9.9-9.16, 9.20 9.16 Especially!  Know these and be able to explain them!
What is a redox reaction?
What are the “parts” of cellular respiration? Also write the summary reaction for cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Number of steps:
Where it occurs:
Starting compound(s):
Ending compound(s):
Energy and Electron carrier input:
Energy and Electron carrier output:
Summary of glycolysis inputs and outputs:
Biol 212
Exam 1 Review: Part 2 Name:_________________
What is the biological importance of the glycolytic product, and how is it used or eliminated?
Why are electron acceptors used in cellular respiration?
What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis if oxygen isn’t present? If oxygen is present? (i.e. pathway
and products)
What is the Citric Acid Cyle (aka Krebs Cycle aka TCA cycle)? Why is it a ‘cycle’, and how is it biologically
important other than producing ATP?
Citric Acid Cycle
Number of steps:
Where it occurs:
Starting compound(s):
Ending compound(s):
Energy and Electron carrier input:
Energy and Electron carrier output:
Summary of Krebs inputs and outputs:
Biol 212
Exam 1 Review: Part 2 Name:_________________
Oxidative Phosphorylation
2 parts:
Number of protein complexes and location:
Electron carriers associated with protein complexes:
Terminal electron acceptor:
Describe how the two parts of ox. phos. work, and why they produce the most ATP in cellular
respiration. Draw diagrams to help explain or refer to Fig. 9.5, 9.13, 9.16, 9.14
How do we get energy from molecules other than glucose?
Describe the 2 fermentation pathways.