Download What is meteorology? The ________________ of ___________

What is meteorology?
 The __________________ of ____________________, _______________________
and __________________ processes
Weather verse Climate
__________________ is _______________ changing and it ________ to the
__________ of the _____________________ at any given ___________ or
_____________
________________ is based on _______________________ of _____________ that
have been __________________ over many __________ to help __________________ a
___________ or _____________
Composition of the Atmosphere
Main Component
___________________(__%)
___________________(__%)
___________________(__%)
___________________(__%)
Variable Components
Water Vapor
________________ of all __________ and _______________________
Ozone
Form of ____________ that combines three _____________ atoms into
each __________________
_____________________ filters and absorbs harmful _____________
radiation by the _____________________________
Discussion Notes:
Human Influences
 Air _____________________ is ____________ particles and ________ that occur in
___________________ large enough to _______________ the _____________ of
__________________
Primary Pollutants emitted __________________________ from
__________________________
Secondary Pollutants _____ emitted ____________________ into the ____________
Ex: ______________________________________
Primary Pollutants: ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Sources: _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Pressure and Temperature Changes
The ________________ rapidly ________________ as you ___________ away from
___________________ until there are too few gas ______________________ to
________________________
Pressure Changes
 As you _______________________ in _________________________, or travel
away from ________________, the pressure _____________________________.
Temperature Changes
As you ___________________________ in altitude in the
_________________________ the temperatures
______________________________.
The Layers
Troposphere
_____________ layer
_____________ decreases with an ________________ in ________________
 Where ______________ occurs
 Tropospause: ___________________________________________
Stratosphere
____________ the ____________________
__________________ remains _____________ then _______________ start to
_____________
Contains the _____________________
Strapopause: ________________________________________________
Mesosphere
____________ the ____________________
________________ decreases with ___________
Mesopause: _________________________________________________
Themosphere
__________ layer of the ____________________
________________ increases with _____________
 ______________ occur hear
__________ into ___________
Heating the Atmosphere
Heat verse Temperature
Heat: is the ___________ transferred from _______ object to ______________ because
of a _______________ difference in their ___________________
 Temperature: is the ________________ of the ____________ of ____________.
Energy Transfer as Heat
 ____________________ transfer from ______ to ________ objects
Conduction
 Is the ___________ of ________ through __________ by _____________
activity.
_______________ by _______________
Convection
Is the ____________ of ________ by a mass ______________________ or
__________________ within a ____________________
Radiation
_____________ out in all _______________
 _________ energy reaches __________ by ______________
What Happens to Solar Radiation
Reflections
 Occurs when __________ bounces off an ___________
 ________% of all ______________ is ______________ back to ____________
Scattering
_______________ a ________________number of _______that ___________ in
_________ directions.
Absorption
________%_ of _________ energy that ____________ the top of the
__________________ reaches the ____________ surface.
________%_ is _________________ in the _____________ .
 ________% is _________________ back to _________________.
Why Do Temperatures Vary?
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Land and Water
_________ heats and _________ more ___________ and to ___________ temperatures
than ___________
_________ heats up ___________ and will _________ the heat ___________.
Albedo
Albedo: is the ____________ of _____________________ that is_____________ by any
_______________
Daylight Cloud Cover
______________ reflect ___________ radiation
back to __________________
__________________________ are lower than on a
_______________________ day.
Nighttime Cloud Cover
Clouds _______________________ radiation from _______________ and
_____________________ some of it back to ___________________.
_______________________ are higher than on a __________________
night.
World Distribution of Temperature
Isotherms: are _________________ on a weather map that _________________ points
that have the __________________________ same temperatures.
Water in the Atmosphere
Precipitation: is any ______ of _________ that _______ from a ____________.
 When it comes to ______________________ atmospheric processes,
_____________________ is the most ______________________ ______________ in the
__________________
Water Change of State
Three states of matter are ______________________________________________
Melting 
Latent Heat –
Freezing 
Evaporation 
Sublimation 
Condensation 
Deposition 
“Think About It…” Notes
Humidity
 The ______________________ of _______________ _______________ in the
______________.
Saturation
 The state when air contains the ____________________________________ that it
can hold at any given ___________________ and ________________
 The amount of water vapor required for saturation depends on _______________
 When saturated, ______________ contain more water vapor than _____________.
Relative Humidity
________________ of the air’s ________________water vapor content compared
with the amount of _____________ _____________ air can _______________ at
that ____________________________ and __________________________.
____________________ air __________________________ causes an
______________________ in _________________ ___________________.
____________________ air ____________________________ causes a
_____________________ in _________________
_________________.
Dew Point
 The _________________________ to which a __________________ of _____________
would need to be _____________________ to reach ___________________________.
Measuring Humidity
Instrument: __________________________________
Psychrometer a _________________ of ____________________________ consisting
of _______ identical _______________________ mounted ___________ by ____________.
Dry-bulb: __________________________________________________________.
Wet-bulb: __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
“Think About It…” Notes
Cloud Formation
___________ form when ______ is __________ to its _________________ as it
_____________
Processes that Lift Air
Orographic Lifting
Localized Convective Lifting
Frontal Wedging
Convergences
Thermals:
_______________ parcels of____ that are _________ than
surrounding _________.
Types of Clouds
_____________ are ________________ on the __________ of their ________ and
_______________
Classified by Form
A. Cirrus _______________________________________
B. Cumulus _____________ individual _____________________, that have
a _________ base and the ______________ of rising ________ or __________
C. Status best described as ____________ or ____________ that cover
__________ or _________ of the ________
Classified by Height
High Clouds
Have ________ above __________________
A. Cirrus ___________________________________________________
B. Cirrostatus________________________________________________
C. Cirrocumulus _____________________________________________
Middle Clouds
 Have ________ between ___________ and _________________________
A. Altocumulus ___________________ that are __________ and
_____________ than ______________________ clouds
B. Altostratus _________ white to __________ sheet covering the ______
with the _______ or _________ visible as a _____________________
Low Clouds
Have ________ below ___________________
A. Stratus ___________ layer of _____________ that cover ________ of the
_____
B. Stratocumulus _____________ bottom that _____________ as long
_____________________ or _____________________________
C. Nimbostratus ______________ clouds covering most of the _______
often producing ___________________
D. Cumulonimbus __________ covering all ___________________
producing ____________________
Fog
A __________ with its __________ at or ______________ the ______________
Formation
By Cooling
 ________________ of _______ in contact with the ______________ is
___________ below its _______________
 As the _______________, it becomes ___________ and __________ into
______________ where ________________________________ may occur
By Evaporation
 When _______________ moves over ________________, enough
_______________ may _____________ from ____________________ to
produce _________________
 As the ______________________ meets the _____________, it
immediately _____________ and __________ with the ________ that is being
______________________________
How Precipitation Forms
For ___________________ to __________, ____________________ must grow in
_____________ by roughly _________________________
Cold Cloud Precipitation
Bergeron Process
 A _____________ that _____________ the _______________ of
__________________ to _______________________, _________________ and the
different ______________________ of _______ and ____________________
Supercooled: ___________ in the _________ state below ____________________
Supersaturated: the ____________ of _____ that is more ____________________
than is _____________ possible under given __________________ and
__________________ conditions
Warm Cloud Precipitation
Collision-Coalescence Process
 _________________ collide and join ______________ to form _______________
Forms of Precipitation
The _________ of ___________________ that _________ Earth’s surface depends on the
_________________ profile in the _______________________________ of the
__________________
Rain ________ of __________ that fall from a ___________ and have a
___________________ of at least _____________
Snow _____________________________________________________
Sleet________ of small particles of ________ to ___________________ ice
GlazeWhen ________________ become _________________ as the ______
through _________________ air and turn to ______ when they
_____________________
Hail form of _________________________ which consists of _______ of
_______________________ of _______ produced in
__________________________________
What is Air Pressure?
 The _________________ exerted by the __________ of the ___________________
Exerted in ______________________________________________________
 The ___________________ pushing _______ on an ___________ exactly ____________
the ____________________ pushing ______ on the ______________
Average ________________ at _______________ is __________________
Think About it/ Demonstration Notes:
Measuring Air Pressure
Barometer—is a ____________ used for _____________________________________
Units: _________________________________________________________________
Torricelli--______________ the __________________________________ in ________
What causes Wind?
 _________ is the result of ______________
__________________ in
__________________
Air ________ from areas of ___________
_____________
__________________ to areas of
_______________________.
How do we get Difference in Pressure?
The _____________
____________ of Earth’s ___________
generates _____________________
________________________
 ______________
______________
______________________ is the
_____________ source for most
___________.
Factors Affecting Wind
A. Pressure Difference
Isobars: __________ on a ______ that ____________ _________________ of
______________
___________ ___________________.
Pressure Gradient—the ____________ of ___________ indicates the
____________ of ____________
____________ over a given ________________.
Isobars:
*_________________
_________________ isobars indicate a
_____________ ____________
________________
__________________ and
______________
*_____________ _________ isobars indicate a ____________
______________ _____________ and ___________ _________________
B. Coriolis Effect


Northern Hemisphere:__________________________________________
Southern Hemisphere:__________________________________________
Jet Streams:
Jet Stream: ______________________________________ rivers of air
Speed: ________________________________kilometers per hour
Direction: __________________ to __________________ direction.
High and Low Pressure System:
Pressure Centers
Low Pressure Centers
High Pressure Centers
Centers of
AKA
Pressure Behavior
Winds Behavior
Weather Associated
Symbol
How Wind is Measured
Direction
___________________ by the _____________ from ___________ they _________
Ex: _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
Tool: _____________________________________
Speed
Anemometer: _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
Global Winds
The ________________ balances itself by _________ as a ___________ heat-transferring
system.
Moves _______________ to the _________ and ________________ towards the
___________
A. Trade Winds _________________ of ______________ that _____________ almost
constantly from ________________________________________
B. Westerlies Winds dominant ___________________________________ motion of the
________________________________
C. Polar Easterlies ___________________ that blow _____________________________
D. Polar Front _______________________ of _______________ and ______________ air
masses produces a ____________________________________________
El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
- Occurs every _______ to __________ years.
El Niño verse La Niña
El Niño
La Niña