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Western European History Level 1 Final Exam Study Guide French Revolution and the Rise and Fall of Napoleon Terms Old Regime Estates-General National Assembly constitution republic bourgeoisie Jacobins Committee on Public Safety guillotine counterrevolution The Directory coup d’etat Civil liberties Grande Empire scorched earth exile Louis XVI Estates System Bastille Declaration of Rights of Man National Constituent Assembly Robespierre Girondins Dechristinization Levee en Mass Napoleon Bonaparte Code Napoleon Levy in mass Dependant States Continental system Events American Revolution Treaty of Paris Storming of the Bastille Execution of Robespierre Napoleon’s invasion of Russia Seven Years’ War Tennis Court Oath Reign of Terror Napoleonic Wars Waterloo 1. Summarize the economic and political conditions that the French citizenry faced on the eve of the Revolution. 2. How did the Enlightenment and the American Revolution each contribute to the French Revolution? 3. Beginning with the March of the Women and ending with Napoleon’s coup d’etat, explain the course of the French Revolution. 4. How did the Revolutionaries use fear to maintain control of France? 5. Provide several examples of ways that Napoleon liberalized France. 6. Even though he liberal and popular reforms, why was Napoleon hated throughout much of the Grand Empire? Restoration, Reform and Nationalism Metternich balance of power Terms Principle of Legitimacy Conservatism Concert of Europe Nationalism Laissez-faire Wealth of Nations Socialism collective ownership Thomas Malthus commodities Mechanization Frederich Engels protectionism Zollverein unification Garibaldi Victor Emanuell II Hohenzollerans realpolitik Congress of Vienna Industrial Revolution German Unification Capitalism Liberalism Adam Smith Liberal capitalism Communism urbanization Enclosure Acts Karl Marx Communist Manifesto free trade Universal manhood suffrage Risorgimento Camillo di Cavour Red Shirts Otto von Bismarck annexation Events Greek and Belgian revolts of the 1820s and 1830s Italian Unification Franco-Prussian War 1. At the Congress of Vienna, how did Metternich and other European heads of state create a lasting peace? 2. What are the principles of 19th century liberalism? 3. Why did the Hapsburgs, as rulers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, fear nationalism? 4. Why was England the first to industrialize? 5. How did industrialization affect the social, economic and political characteristics of European societies? 6. Contrast British, French and German industrialization. 7. Compare and contrast Italian and German unification. Imperialism and the First World War Terms Imperialism markets “Three Cs” Belgian Congo Berlin Act of 1885 alliance system Powder keg of Europe” Gavrillo Princip “Blank Check” Tsar Nicholas II Triple Alliance Schlieffen Plan stalemate propaganda war of attrition colonies “White Man’s Burden” King Leopold Henry Stanley partitioning of Africa militarism Franz Ferdinand Black Hand Ultimatum Wilhelm II Central Powers Trench Warfare total war total war unrestricted submarine warfare blockade Self Determination Russian Revolution Provisional Government V.I. Lenin Bolsheviks armistice Article 231 Wilson’s 14 Points Woodrow Wilson Lusitania Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Duma Alexander Kernesky Cheka Soviets Treaty of Versailles reparations League of Nations Events Scramble for Africa Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Battles of Verdun and Somme Bloody Sunday Berlin Conference The Great War Sinking of the Lusitania 1. What factors motivated the European Scramble for Africa? 2. How did imperialism affect native populations? 3. Defend the statement: “In 1914, Europe was a powder keg that was waiting to explode”. 4. Summarize the conditions that gave rise to the Russia Revolution. 5. Compare and contrast Wilson’s 14 Points with the Treaty of Versailles. 6. Defend the statement: “The Treaty of Versailles caused World War II.” World War II and Post War Europe Terms reconstruction Joseph Stalin New Economic Policy Great Purges politburo Dawes Plan Great Depression Fascism Black Shirts Mein Kampf Togo expansionism blitzkrieg Kristallnacht Pearl Harbor The Axis Powers Little Boy and Fat Man Nuremburg Trials C.O.M.E.C.O.N. The Cold War Iron Curtain West/East Germany NATO totalitarian state collectivization Five-Year Plans gulag Reichstag inflation Benito Mussolini Adolph Hitler Winston Churchill rearmament appeasement Non-Aggression Pact Vichy France Final Solution D-Day Potsdam and Yalta Conferences Marshall Plan containment Berlin Wall Warsaw Pact Korean War Vietnam War Sputnik Brezhnev Doctrine Mutually Assured Destruction Welfare State European Union Prague Spring Nakita Khrushchev Cuban Missile Crisis Mikhail Gorbachev Margaret Thatcher Euro Events Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression Battle of Britain Invasion of Russia Bombing of Pearl Harbor D-Day Bombing of Japan Cold War 1. Why did fascist dictators emerge in several European states in the 1920s and 1930s? 2. How did Lenin fuse capitalism and communism? 3. Explain why the policy of appeasement was attractive to France and Great Britain. 4. Summarize the changes that Stalin made to Russia. 5. Discuss the events that led to the outbreak of the Cold War. 6. How did the United States respond to the USSR and communism? 7. Why was the European Union formed?
