Download Physical Science Final Study Guide I KEY Name __ ___

Physical Science Final Study Guide I KEY
Name ___________________________________
Class___________
Date __________
Displacement, Velocity, & Acceleration
What do the following units represent? Write D for distance, T for time, S for speed, or A for
acceleration.
D 1. 14 km
T 4. 6 hours
D 7. 14 miles
D 10. 1.4 m
S 2. 30 m/s
A 5. 12 cm/s2
T 8. 3.2 s
S 11. 6 m/s
T 3. 34 minutes
S 6. 150 mph
D 9. 25 ft
A 12. 3 ft/s2
13. What are 2 ways displacement is different than distance?
DISPLACEMENT HAS DIRECTION & IS ALWAYS A STRAIGHT LINE (START TO FINISH)
14. (Displacement/Distance) is always at least equal to, if not greater than, the other.
15. Define speed. HOW FAST SOMETHING TRAVELS, RATE OF CHANGE IN POSITION
16. Define velocity. HOW FAST & WHAT DIRECTION SOMETHING’S TRAVELING
17. How is speed different than velocity? SPEED DOESN’T HAVE DIRECTION, V DOES
18. Define acceleration. RATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITY
19. Finish these equations:
v=
X/T
a=
(Vf - Vo)/t
20. What are 3 ways an object could accelerate? SPEED UP, SLOW DOWN, CHANGE DIRECTION
21. Can an object accelerate, yet have a constant speed? Explain. (c.s.) ____________________________________
YES, IT CAN CHANGE DIRECTION!
22. A car is accelerating at 5 mi/hr/s. What does that mean? _____________________________________ EVERY
SECOND IT SPEEDS UP 5 MI/HR
23. Assuming it started from rest, what will its velocity be after 1 second? Two seconds? Three seconds? Ten
seconds? 1 s 5 mi/hr
2 s 10mi/hr
3 s 15 mi/hr
10 s 50 mi/hr
Problems: Solve each problem. Show all work & circle your answer (include units).
1. V = 9 m/s
x = 36 m
2. V = 20 m/s
x = 80 m
t=4s
t=4s
3. V = 1100 m/s
x = 5500 m
t=5s
4. Vo = 0 m/s
Vf = 30 m/s
t = 8.0 s
a = 3 m/s2
5. Vo = 8.0 m/s
Vf = 22 m/s
t=2s
a = 7.0 m/s2
6. Vo = 2 m/s
Vf = 14 m/s
t = 4.0 s
a = 3.0 m/s2
Solve each problem. Show all work, circle your final answer, and include units.
7.
Shania, a speed swimmer, loves to race around the park’s pond. If she swims 85 miles in 3.0 hours,
what is her average speed?
28 m/s
8.
If Victoria can run 40.0 m/s, how long will it take her to run 85.0 meters? 2.13 s
9.
Josh is driving a go cart with a constant speed of 35.0 m/s. How far will he travel in 40. seconds?
1400 m
10. It takes Abby 22.0 seconds to run 50.0 meters. What was her average velocity?*
2.27 m/s
11. Matt fires an arrow at 300. feet per second. How many feet did it travel after 0.25 seconds?* 75.0 m
12. Starting from rest, Cole reaches a speed of 25 m/s in 4 seconds. What was his acceleration? 6 m/s2
13. Carl throws a rock with a velocity of 20 m/s. How many seconds will it take to travel 40 meters?*
t = x/v = 40/20 = 2.0 s
14. Alex runs down a hill. If he has an acceleration of 6.0 m/s2 and his initial velocity was 2.0 m/s, what is
his velocity after 2.0 seconds?
Vf = Vo + at = 2 + (6)(2) = 14 m/s
15. Mike decelerates from 50 mi/hr to 5 mi/hr in 2 seconds. What is the rate of deceleration?
- 22.5 mi/hr/s
16. Cheyenne drops a water balloon out of the window (initial velocity is zero). Gravity causes the balloon
to accelerate at a rate of 9.81 m/s2. How long will it take the balloon to reach a speed of 28.0 m/s?
2.85 s
17. On a velocity vs. time graph, the slope is (displacement, velocity, or acceleration).
18. On a displacement vs. time graph, the slope is (displacement, velocity, or acceleration).
19. Identify the velocity and position of the object for the following points. (show work, include units)
A.
x = 20 m
B.
V = 0 m/s
C.
V = (60-20)/(3-1) = 40/2 = 20 m/s
x = 50 m
D.
V = 20 m/s
E.
x = 40 m
x = 40 m
x = 60 m
V = 0 m/s
V = (20-60)/(3-1) = 40/2 = -27 m/s
20. Identify the velocity and acceleration of the object for the following points. (show work, include units)
A.
V = 8 m/s
B.
V= 12 m/s
C.
a = 60-20)/(3-1) = 40/2 = 20 m/s
a = (60-20)/(3-1) = 40/2 = 20 m/s
V = 10 m/s
D.
V = 20 m/s
E.
V = 6 m/s
V = 0 m/s
V = 13 m/s
F.
V = 22 m/s
V = (20-60)/(3-1) = 40/2 = -27 m/s
G.
V = 26 m/s
Physical Science Final Study Guide II
Name ___________________________________
Class___________
Date __________
Forces
1. A FORCE can be defined as “a push or pull”.
2. 1 Newton = 0.225 lbs
3. Use the factor label method to calculate the weight of a 6 lb ball in Newtons. Show your work.
4. Fnet is the abbreviation for NET force.
5. If net force is zero, the acceleration is ZERO and the forces are said to be balanced.
6. If there is a net force on an object, the object must be ACCELERATING. This means it could be:
a. Speeding up
b. Slowing down
c. Turning
d. All of the above
7. Identify if the net force is zero or not for the following.
a. space ship floating through space
ZERO
b. mace being swung in circle with constant speed
NOT ZERO
c. apple dropped from rest
NOT ZERO
d. apple falling at terminal velocity
ZERO
e. apple sitting on table
ZERO
f. apple being caught
NOT ZERO
Friction
1. FRICTION is the force that opposes motion between 2 objects that are touching.
2. If you push to the left, friction pushes to the RIGHT.
3. Which 2 of the following things cause friction?
a. Strange intermolecular forces
b. Pushing air out of the way
c. Rough surfaces getting caught on each other
d. Gravity
4. The 2 main kinds of friction are STATIC (not moving) and KINETIC (moving) friction
5. Give a situation where friction is good.
a. STOPPING A CAR, WALKING
6. Give a situation where friction is bad.
a. WEARING DOWN SHOES, TIRES, SOCKS, HEATING AN ENGINE
7. List 2 ways to increase friction.
a. CHANGE TYPE OF SURFACES IN CONTACT
b. MAKE SURFACES ROUGHER; INCREASE FORCE PUSHING SURFACES TOGETHER
8. List 2 ways to decrease friction.
a. CHANGE TYPE OF SURFACES IN CONTACT; ADD A LUBRICANT
b. MAKE SURFACES SMOOTHER; DECREASE FORCE PUSHING SURFACES TOGETHER
9. What are 4 conditions that reduce friction on the road?
ICE, WATER, WET LEAVES, SNOW, GRAVEL
Part III: Air resistance
1. How is air resistance similar to friction? BOTH OPPOSE MOTION
2. List the 2 causes of air resistance.
a. OBJECT MUST PUSH AIR OUT OF THE WAY
b. FRICTION BETWEEN SURFACE AND AIR
3. As speed increases, the force of air resistance INCREASES.
4. The fastest an object will fall is called TERMINAL velocity.
5. Give 2 situations where air resistance is good.
a. PARACHUTE
b. THROWING FRISBEE
6. Give 2 situations where air resistance is bad.
a. DRIVING (HURTS GAS MILEAGE)
b. RIDING BIKE (SLOWS YOU DOWN); BASICALLY WHEN YOU’RE TRYING TO GO FAST
7. Give 2 ways to minimize air resistance.
a. CHANGE SHAPE
b. SMOOTH SURFACE
8. What’s the most streamlined shape?
a. A car
b. a TEARdrop
c. a monkey
d. a kite
e. a plane
Physical Science Final Study Guide III
Name ___________________________________
Period ___________
Date __________
1. What force would be required to give a 800 kg object an acceleration of 50 m/s2?
F = MA = (800 kg)( 50 m/s2) = 40,000 N
2. A bicycle and rider has a mass of 110 kg. The rider is pedaling hard, so that a horizontal force of 220 N
accelerates them. What is the acceleration?
F = MA
220 N = (110 kg)a
a = 2.0 m/s2
3. A 100 Newton force accelerates a ball at 2 m/s/s. What is the mass of the ball?
F = MA
100 N = M (2.0 m/s2)
M = 50 kg
4. GRAVITY is the attraction between any two objects that have mass.
5. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth’s surface is 9.81 m/s2 (number & units)
6. Give 2 ways mass is different than weight. WEIGHT CHANGES DEPENDING ON LOCATION, MASS
DOESN’T; WEIGHT IS A FORCE, MASS IS HOW MUCH MATTER IS IN AN OBJECT (OR HOW MUCH
INERTIA IT HAS)
7. Give one unit for mass. kilograms
Give 2 units for weight. Pounds, Newtons
8. What 2 things does gravity depend on?
a. Distance and mass
c. mass and velocity
b. Distance and weight
d. weight and velocity
9. Who discovered the Universal Law of Gravitation?
a. Albert Einstein
c. Ben Franklin
b. Thomas Edison
d. Sir Isaac Newton
10. One kilogram weighs approximately 2.2 pounds, or 9.81 Newtons.
11. One Newton weighs approximately 0.225 pounds.
12. When something is falling on Earth, what force prevents it from accelerating at a constant rate?
(This force slows it down.)
a. air resistance
b. normal force
c. mass
d. weight
13. If an object reached terminal velocity, what is the net (total) force on it? 0
b. What is its acceleration? 0
14. An object is in projectile motion when GRAVITY is the only force acting on it.
15. What is an object orbiting Earth really doing? FALLING AROUND EARTH
16. Newton’s 3rd Law says that for every action FORCE THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION
FORCE.
17. Action/reaction forces do not cancel out because…
a. they’re not acting on the same objects.
b. they don’t happen at the same time.
c. the masses of the objects are different.
d. they’re are other forces acting on the objects.
18. Suppose the only forces acting on 2 objects are the action/reaction forces. For example, Steve is in
deep space outside of a space station. He throws a ball. His hand pushes on the ball and the ball
pushes back on his hand. Even though they push each other with equal forces, the ball accelerates
more. This happens because
a. they’re not acting on the same objects.
b. they don’t happen at the same time.
c. the masses of the objects are different.
d. there are other forces acting on the objects.