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5th Grading Period Review Answer Key
1. Gregor Mendel studied pea plants in his garden during the 1800s. He is known as the
Father of GENTICS.
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2. Draw a circle around all of the heterozygous genotypes above.
3. Draw a square around all of the homozygous genotypes above.
4. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits. Dominant form of a gene
(allele) masks or hides the recessive form. The dominant form will always appear if
you have at least 1 dominant allele, you need 2 recessive alleles for the recessive
form to show.
5. A cross between a green eyed person and a blue eyed person produces four blue eyed
children. What is most likely the dominant color? Blue because all offspring have the
same form of the trait
6. Capital letters represent DOMINANT alleles in a genetic cross.
7. Lowercase letters represent RECESSIVE alleles in a genetic cross.
8. Describe the difference between phenotype and genotype. Genotype is the gene
combination (represented by letters) that code for a trait. Phenotype is the
physical expression of the trait (what you can see/observe)
9. Name the type of reproduction (asexual or sexual) seen in each of the pictures below.
ASEXUAL reproduction
SEXUAL reproduction
ASEXUAL reproduction
ASEXUAL reproduction
10. Asexual reproduction involves ONE parent and results in UNIFORM / IDENTICAL
offspring.
11. Sexual reproduction involves TWO parents and results in DIVERSE / SIMILAR
offspring.
12. Where is Xylem found and what is its purpose? In plants moves water from roots
throughout plant
13. Who explained the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? Charles Darwin
14. List at least 2 adaptations that can help an animal survive in a cold environment?
Layer of blubber to insulate and keep them warm – Thick fur to keep warm
Hibernation – build up fat reserves and “sleep” through harsh winter conditions
13.Describe the adaptations that have allowed birds to survive in different environments.
Birds have hollow bones to reduce weight and mass so they can fly easier and for
longer distances. Hollow bones reduces the amount of energy (calories they burn)
they use while flying. Birds will migrate to different areas to escape bad climates
or weather conditions so they can be protected from harsh conditions and can find
food and water more easily. Birds have beaks designed for the type of food they
eat, feet designed fro the type of environment they live in or for how they hunt for
food (talons, webbed feet etc.)
14. Fill in the chart using your notes.
Type of Adaptation
Structural
Definition
A body part, color
Behavorial
Actions
Physiological
Internal functions
Example
Feathers, rattle, horns, spikes,
broad leaves, zylem
migration
Venom, slowing heart rate
down
15. Why do fish have gills?_Gills are like lungs for the fish, water flows over them
and oxygen is removed and absorbed. Carbon Dioxide is released into the
water at the same time – its like inhaling and exhaling for us
16. Why do birds have hollow bones?Reduces the bird’s mass making it easier to
fly and they use fewer calories while they fly.
17. What is natural selection and how are animals affected by the process? The
process by which the best adapted survive to reproduce and pass their
genetic information for favaroable traits down to the next generation leading
to evolution (changes within organisms).
18. What is selective breeding? Give three examples of selective breeding. Process by
which humans choose to breed organisms due to particular or desirable
traits they have. Dogs, Horses, Plants (corn, wheat), Pigs, Chickens, Cattle,
etc.
19.
Define each labeled part of the image.
Cell- basic unit of life
Nucleus-brain of the cell
contains genetic information
and controls the