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Transcript
Name: ____ANSWER KEY_____________________ Period: ________ Due Date: __________ Chapter 17 Study Guide – Plate Tectonics Directions: Please complete the following study guide in preparation for our upcoming test. However, this SHOULD NOT be your only method of studying for this exam. Use your notes, book, labs, homework, and class activities to help you study. Below is a list of general topics that you will see on the test. Main Ideas/Topics Covered on the Test: Earth’s Interior Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of Seafloor Spreading Theory of Continental Drift Questions: Please complete the answers to the following questions to help you prepare for the test. 1) Name the five branches of earth science and give an example of something that relates to each one. Branch of Earth Science Example (The list will vary for each student!) Geology Rocks, Minerals, Plate Tectonics Meteorology Weather, Weather Maps, Forecasting Oceanography Features of the Ocean Floor, Currents, Salinity, Sand Astronomy Planets, Stars, Moons Environmental Science Recycling, Renewable Energy, Water Testing, Pollution 2) Label the four layers of Earth’s interior. Crust/Lithosphere Mantle Inner Core Outer Core Outer Core 3) Which of these four layers is responsible for creating the Earth’s magnetic field? __________________ 4) Which of these layers is made of solid rock? _______________________________________________ Crust/Lithosphere 5) Which of these layers is made of solid metal? ______________________________________________ Inner Core 6) Describe what the material that makes the mantle is like. ______________________________________ Partially Melted – like silly putty. It can behave as both a solid (holds weight) and a liquid (flows). 7) Fill in the chart below with information about the Earth’s crust Type of Crust Oceanic Continental Density: high or low Type of Rock High Basalt Lower Granite 8) What 2 technologies were used to help scientists discover the theory of seafloor spreading? ______________________________________________________________________________ SONAR ______________________________________________________________________________ magnetometer 9) Answer these questions about seafloor spreading. a. Where does seafloor spreading occur? __________________________________________________ middle of seafloor; MOR; where plates separate magma rises and forms new rock b. What happens when the plates move apart? _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ new ocean crust / MOR c. What forms at the center? ___________________________________________________________ d. What happens to the oldest rock? _____________________________________________________ it is pushed to the sides, and eventually subducts e. Where does that happen? ____________________________________________________________ subducts – is destroyed – at deep-sea trench 10) View the image below and answer these questions. a. Where are the youngest rocks found? at “X” – in the center W X Y Z b. Why are the youngest rocks found in this location? this is where the magma rises + forms the newest crust c. What do the stripes represent? the magnetic fields of the past d. Which letter (labeled on the diagram) has rocks that are the same as the rocks labeled W? “Z” is the same as “W” the solid, rocky, outermost layer; the crust and upper 11) What is the lithosphere? ________________________________________________________________ mantle ____________________________________________________________________________________ The lower part of the mantle 12) What is the asthenosphere? _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 13) What takes place in the asthenosphere to cause the plates to move? ____________________________________________________________________________________ convection currents → heated material rises, cools, and sinks back down ____________________________________________________________________________________ 14) In the process of subduction which plate will always subduct? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________ The oceanic plate subducts because it is the one that is MORE DENSE. Higher density = sinking. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 15) Complete the chart below. Look at the images and identify the type of plate boundary present (be specific) and the landforms created as a result. Then, name a place where each can be found! Picture Name of Boundary + How the plates are moving Divergent ← → Landforms Created Here Place on Earth where we can see it. Mid-Atlantic Ridge (mid-ocean ridge) MOR (w/ rift valley) Iceland Ethiopia Convergent O+C → ← deep-sea trench volcanic mountains Andes Mountains Mt. St. Helens Cascade Mountains Convergent O+O → ← deep-sea trench volcanic islands Japan Indonesia Mariana’s Trench Picture Name of Boundary + How the plates are moving Landforms Created Here Place on Earth where we can see it. Convergent C+C → ← tall, folded mountains Himalayas Transform “Sliding” earthquakes + faults San Andreas Fault 16) Look at the diagram below. Cooling Sinking Cooling Sinking Rising Heating Heating What process is it showing? _____________________________________________________________ Convection In the Asthenosphere (the upper mantle) Where in the Earth does this happen? _____________________________________________________ Why does this happen? ________________________________________________________________ Differences in temperature create differences in ____________________________________________________________________________________ density. 17) Every year, students get mid-ocean ridges and deep-sea trenches mixed up. To help you remember what they are, and how they are different, write an answer to this statement: Explain how mid-ocean ridges and deep-sea trenches are different. Describe their many differences: how they form, what they look like, their elevations, etc. ____________________________________________________________________________________ MOR = forms when plates move apart = mountains = high elevation (tall) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ DST = forms when plates collide = deep depressions = low elevation ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18) Identify at least 3 pieces of evidence Alfred Wegener used to prove his theory? Fossils (plant and animal) ______________________________________________________________________________ Climate (coal deposits, glacial deposits, glossopteris fossil) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Rock Formations 19) Why was Alfred’s Wegener’s Theory rejected at first? He could not explain how the continents were moving, or what ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ provided the force to move them. ____________________________________________________________________________________