Download NAME TEST-Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Genetics (2 points each

NAME _______________________________
TEST-Chapter 11
Fundamentals of Genetics
(2 points each)
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Write the letter for the answer that best completes the statement on the blank at the left.
______ In order for a RECESSIVE trait to show, an organism must have__________________ .
A. one recessive and one dominant allele
B. two dominant alleles
C. two recessive alleles
______ Crossing organisms from the P1 generation produces the _____ generation.
A. P2
B. F1
C. F2
D. None of these-you can’t cross P1 organisms with each other!
______ When Gregor Mendel crossed pure-breeding TALL plants with pure-breeding SHORT
plants, all the offspring were tall because _________________
A. they were true-breeding like their parents
B. the allele for short plants is dominant
C. the allele for tall plants is recessive
D. the allele for tall plants is dominant
______ Organisms with two identical alleles for a trait are said to be _________________
A. homozygous
B. hybrid
C. heterozygous
D. dominant
______ A trait (like A, B, and O blood type) that is controlled by three or more ALLELES for the
same gene is called a _______________ trait.
A. polygenic
B. multiple allele
C. incompletely dominant
D. pure-breeding
______ Organisms with two different alleles for a trait are said to be _________________
A. homozygous
B. pure breeding
C. heterozygous
D. dominant
______ If you wanted to do a testcross, which of the following organisms would you cross with the
unknown parent?
A. homozygous dominant
B. heterozygous
C. homozygous recessive
______ In ________________, both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype;
in HETEROZYGOUS individuals BOTH alleles are expressed SIDE BY SIDE at the same time
A. Complete dominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Codominance
_______ In ________________, one allele is not completely dominant over another; in
HETEROZYGOUS individuals BOTH ALLELES BLEND to produce an INTERMEDIATE phenotype
A. Complete dominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Codominance
______ A trait (like skin color, intelligence, and height in humans) that is controlled by two or more
GENES is called a __________________ trait.
A. incompletely dominant
B. multiple allele
C. pure-breeding
D. polygenic
______ If you cross a TALL looking pea plant with a SHORT looking pea plant and get both
TALL and SHORT looking offspring, then BOTH parents must be ___________________.
A. heterozygous
B. homozygous recessive
C. homozygous dominant
D. Impossible. You can’t cross 2 tall looking parents and get short looking offspring.
______ The PARENTS in the cross at the right are BOTH ________________
A. homozygous
B. pure
C. recessive
D. heterozygous
_______ The phenotypic ratio shown by the offspring in the cross above is __________________
A. 75% dominant; 25% recessive
B. 100% dominant; 0% recessive
C. 75% recessive; 25% dominant
D. 50% dominant; 50% recessive
______ Tell the GENOTYPE for the offspring in the shaded box
AA
Aa
aa
______ The offspring in the shaded box is ____________________
A. HOMOZYGOUS
B. HETEROZYGOUS
______ Segregation and independent assortment happen during __________________
A. fertilization
B. meiosis
C. mitosis
D. crossing over
______ Males that inherit X-linked recessive disorders like hemophilia or colorblindness get their
mutant allele from their ___________________
A. father
B. mother
______ Which of the following can never be a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder?
A. females
B. males
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
MATCHING: USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANK BELOW TO LABEL THE TYPE
OF INHERITANCE DESCRIBED.
COMPLETE
DOMINANCE
R = Red flowers
and
INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE
r = white flowers
A plant with Rr genotype has RED FLOWERS
A plant with Rr genotype has
BOTH RED & WHITE FLOWERS SIDE BY SIDE
A plant with Rr genotype has PINK FLOWERS
CODOMINANCE
TYPE OF DOMINANCE
SHOWN
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
BLOOD TYPES
______ Which molecule found on the surface of cells is responsible for producing blood types?
A. glycoproteins
B. phospholipids
C. nucleic acids
D. lipids
______ Which of the following shows what the surface of a cell from a person with a BO genotype
would look like?
A
B
C
D
E
______ A person with A type blood could have which of the following genotypes?
(Circle ALL that are true)
AB
AA
AO
BO
OO
______ Which of the blood types you learned about is called the “Universal donor” because
in an emergency they can GIVE blood to any the different blood types?
AB
B
A
O
______ A person with Type A blood can GIVE blood to which of the following blood types?
(Circle all that are true)
AB
B
O
A
______ Draw a picture of a cell from a person with the genes shown:
*
MATCH THE VOCAB WORD WITH ITS DEFINITION:
____ heterozygous person who does not show a recessive trait but who
has the recessive allele and can pass it on to their offspring
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
_____ An allele that HIDES ANOTHER choice for a trait
_____ An allele that IS HIDDEN BY ANOTHER choice for a trait
HEREDITY
GENETICS
DOMINANT
RECESSIVE
CARRIER
_____ the branch of biology that studies how characteristics are
transmitted from parent to offspring
_____ the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
____ process in sexual reproduction in which male and female
reproductive cells join to form a new cell;
*
A.
B.
C.
D.
____ a chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome
*
*
*
GAMETE
X-LINKED TRAIT
FERTILIZATION
AUTOSOME
_____ specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction;
sperm and egg cells
_____ a trait that is determined by a gene located on the X chromosome
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
____ the genetic makeup of an individual; “the genes it has”
_____ physical characteristics of an individual; “the way it looks”
____ specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction;
also called germ cell or sperm and egg cells
___ specific characteristic that varies from one individual
to another like hair color, flower color, or blood type
____ the separation of alleles when homologous chromosomes
split to form gametes
_____ The random mixing of maternal and paternal chromosomes
when homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I
to form gametes during meiosis
A. PHENOTYPE
B. GENOTYPE
C. ALLELE
D. TRAIT
E. INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
F. SEGREGATION
PUNNETT SQUARES:
Use the information provided to predict the offspring of the given crosses and answer the ?’s. Assume
all genes show COMPLETE dominance, unless told otherwise. Remember figuring out the parent gametes
is the hardest part! SO READ THE PARENT DESCRIPTION CAREFULLY!
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Red flowers (R) are DOMINANT over white flowers (r) in peas.
Cross a PURE RED flowered plant with a HOMOZYGOUS WHITE flowered plant.
What is the probability:
the offspring will have red flowers?
*
*
*
*
*
______
the offspring will have white flowers?
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
In humans Tongue rolling (T) is dominant over non-rolling (t).
Show a cross between 2 HETEROZYGOUS tongue-rolling parents.
*
*
______
*
What is the probability the baby will be a TONGUE-ROLLER? _______ %
What is the probability the baby will be a NON-ROLLER?
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Clark and Lois are having a baby. Clark’s genotype is OO.
*
*
*
Lois’s genotype is AB
*
_______ %
*
*
What is the probability their offspring will have the
following blood types?
A = _________%
B = _________ %
0 = _________%
AB = _________%
Which of these blood type alleles show CODOMINANCE?
A. A and O
B. B and O
C. A and B
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
A black coat (B) is DOMINANT in guinea pigs. A brown coat (b) is RECESSIVE.
Cross a HETEROZYGOUS BLACK guinea pig with a BROWN guinea pig.
OFFSPRING
GENOTYPE
OFFSPRING
PHENOTYPE
___________
_________________
What is the probability that a baby will be black? _________
What is the probability that a baby will be brown? _________
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE:
READ CAREFULLY ON THIS ONE!
In Four O’Clock plants RED FLOWERS (R) are INCOMPLETELY dominant over white (r) flowers.
MAKE A CROSS WITH 2 HETEROZYGOUS FOUR O’CLOCK PLANTS.
Possible Offspring
Genotypes
______
______
______
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Phenotypes
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
*
*
*
*
Hearing (D) in dogs is DOMINANT. Deafness is recessive.
Deaf dogs have the dd genotype.
You have a hearing dog. What are its possible genotypes?
________
________
Show the Punnetts for a testcross
for these two possible parent genotypes.
An actual testcross results in a litter with:
10 hearing puppies and 2 deaf puppies.
What is the unknown genotype of your parent dog?
____________
*
*
X-LINKED TRAIT
Hemophilia (Xh) is an X-LINKED RECESSIVE genetic disorder.
MAKE A CROSS between a DAD WITHOUT HEMOPHILIA X MOM who is a CARRIER FOR
HEMOPHILIA
What is the probability that an offspring will be a
male with hemophilia? _________
female with hemophilia? __________
child that does not have hemophilia? ___________
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
BONUS:
Name another blood type system you learned about BESIDES the A, B, and O system.
__________
Give an example of a POLYGENIC TRAIT ____________________________
In Krabs, Tall eyeballs (T) are DOMINANT over short eyeballs (t).
Mr. and Mrs. Krab both have Tall eyeballs. Both parents have relatives with short
eyeballs. Mr. and Mrs. Krab recently had a baby, but Mrs. Krab is upset. She thinks
the hospital made a mistake and gave them the wrong baby because the baby has
short eyeballs. Use what you know about genetics to explain why Mrs. Krab is wrong.
__________________________________________________________________________________
NAME ______________________________
TEST-Chapter 11
Fundamentals of Genetics
(2 points each)
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Write the letter for the answer that best completes the statement on the blank at the left.
______ In order for a RECESSIVE trait to show, an organism must have__________________ .
A. two recessive alleles
B. two dominant alleles
C. one recessive and one dominant allele
______ Crossing organisms from the P1 generation produces the _____ generation.
A. P2
B. F2
C. F1
D. None of these-you can’t cross P1 organisms with each other!
______ When Gregor Mendel crossed pure-breeding TALL plants with pure-breeding SHORT
plants, all the offspring were tall because _________________
A. they were true-breeding like their parents
B. the allele for tall plants is dominant
C. the allele for tall plants is recessive
D. the allele for short plants is dominant
______ Organisms with two identical alleles for a trait are said to be _________________
A. dominant
B. hybrid
C. heterozygous
D. homozygous
______ A trait (like A, B, and O blood type) that is controlled by three or more ALLELES for the
same gene is called a _______________ trait.
A. multiple allele
B. incompletely dominant
C. polygenic
D. pure-breeding
______ Organisms with two different alleles for a trait are said to be _________________
A. pure breeding
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. dominant
______ If you wanted to do a testcross, which of the following organisms would you cross with the
unknown parent?
A. homozygous dominant
B. homozygous recessive
C. heterozygous
______ In ________________, both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype;
in HETEROZYGOUS individuals BOTH alleles are expressed SIDE BY SIDE at the same ti
A. Codominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Complete dominance
_______ In ________________, one allele is not completely dominant over another; in
HETEROZYGOUS individuals BOTH ALLELES BLEND to produce an INTERMEDIATE phenotype
A. Complete dominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Codominance
______ A trait (like skin color, intelligence, and height in humans) that is controlled by two or more
GENES is called a __________________ trait.
A. incompletely dominant
B. multiple allele
C. polygenic
D. pure-breeding
______ If you cross a TALL looking pea plant with a SHORT looking pea plant and get both
TALL and SHORT looking offspring, then BOTH parents must be ___________________.
A. homozygous dominant
B. homozygous recessive
C. heterozygous
D. Impossible. You can’t cross 2 tall looking parents and get short looking offspring.
______ The PARENTS in the cross at the right are BOTH ________________
A. homozygous
B. heterozygous
C. pure
D. recessive
_______ The phenotypic ratio shown by the offspring in the cross above is __________________
A. 50% dominant; 50% recessive
B. 100% dominant; 0% recessive
C. 75% recessive; 25% dominant
D. 75% dominant; 25% recessive
______ Tell the GENOTYPE for the offspring in the shaded box
AA
Aa
aa
______ The offspring in the shaded box is ____________________
A. HETEROZYGOUS
B. HOMOZYGOUS
______ Segregation and independent assortment happen during __________________
A. fertilization
B. crossing over
C. mitosis
D. meiosis
______ Males that inherit X-linked recessive disorders like hemophilia or colorblindness get their
mutant allele from their ___________________
A. mother
B. father
______ Which of the following can never be a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder?
A. males
B. females
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
MATCHING: USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANK BELOW TO LABEL THE TYPE
OF INHERITANCE DESCRIBED.
COMPLETE
DOMINANCE
R = Red flowers
and
INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE
r = white flowers
A plant with Rr genotype has RED FLOWERS
A plant with Rr genotype has
BOTH RED & WHITE FLOWERS SIDE BY SIDE
A plant with Rr genotype has PINK FLOWERS
CODOMINANCE
TYPE OF DOMINANCE
SHOWN
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
BLOOD TYPES
______ Which molecule found on the surface of cells is responsible for producing blood types?
E. phospholipids
F. nucleic acids
G. glycoproteins
H. lipids
______ Which of the following shows what the surface of a cell from a person with a BO genotype
would look like?
A
B
C
D
E
______ A person with A type blood could have which of the following genotypes?
(Circle ALL that are true)
AB
AA
AO
BO
OO
______ Which of the blood types you learned about is called the “Universal donor” because
in an emergency they can GIVE blood to any the different blood types?
A
B
AB
O
______ A person with Type A blood can GIVE blood to which of the following blood types?
(Circle all that are true)
A
B
O
AB
______ Draw a picture of a cell from a person with the genes shown:
*
MATCH THE VOCAB WORD WITH ITS DEFINITION:
____ heterozygous person who does not show a recessive trait but who
has the recessive allele and can pass it on to their offspring
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
_____ An allele that HIDES ANOTHER choice for a trait
_____ An allele that IS HIDDEN BY ANOTHER choice for a trait
GENETICS
HEREDITY
CARRIER
RECESSIVE
DOMINANT
_____ the branch of biology that studies how characteristics are
transmitted from parent to offspring
_____ the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
____ process in sexual reproduction in which male and female
reproductive cells join to form a new cell;
*
A.
B.
C.
D.
____ a chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome
*
*
*
X-LINKED TRAIT
AUTOSOME
FERTILIZATION
GAMETE
_____ specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction;
sperm and egg cells
_____ a trait that is determined by a gene located on the X chromosome
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
____ the genetic makeup of an individual; “the genes it has”
_____ physical characteristics of an individual; “the way it looks”
____ specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction;
also called germ cell or sperm and egg cells
___ specific characteristic that varies from one individual
to another like hair color, flower color, or blood type
____ the separation of alleles when homologous chromosomes
split to form gametes
_____ The random mixing of maternal and paternal chromosomes
when homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I
to form gametes during meiosis
A. GENOTYPE
B. PHENOTYPE
C. TRAIT
D. ALLELE
E. SEGREGATION
F. INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT