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Name_____________________ Biome Basics Biome Tropical Rainforest 3 plant examples and adaptations 3 animal examples and adaptations Bark Poison dart frog Thick bark help trees contain moisture but since the tropical rain forest rains a lot so they have thin bark. This makes it difficult for other plants to grow on it. The rich soil filled with water is what helps this plant. Since water is not a problem the tree needs the soil for nutrients. The water will keep the soil nice and moist. The tree needs sunlight to grow and get its nutrients. Lianas They are climbing woody vines that drape the rain forest trees. they have adapted to plant their roots in the ground. They start life in the canopy and send roots down. In order to get the an adaption that helps the dart frog survive is the small glands on his foot that produce a sticky substanes to help him climb trees Tiger an adaption that helps the tiger live in these conditions are its camoflage that helps it hide in tall grass Howler monkey an adaption that helps the howler monkey survive is its cries help mark it teritory Climate The weather in tropical rainforests is almost always warm and wet. The mean temperature for the year is about 80.5 degrees fahrenheit. The temperature almost never goes above 93 degrees fahrenheit or below 68 degrees fahrenheit. Rainforests are classified in the Tropical Wet Climate Group. Almost all rainforests are located near the equator. There are very short (brief) seasons that has less rain than the others, but it isn't very significant. Human Influences Farmers - when farmers run out of room, they cut down trees to clear a good size space to farm. - it was estimated in 1973 that by the year 2000 about 6.57 billion cubic feet of rainforest trees are to be cut down. Deforestation - in the Amazon forest, the Trans-Amazonian Highway’s construction began. The construction was reflected as a major threat to the rainforest, but luckily, the highway was never completed. Science and Discovery - scientists have discovered that the destruction of this biome will cause an increase of Location Central and South America Southeast Asia Africa Australia Name_____________________ Biome Basics sunlight that they need to they have to climb. The soil does help because the other trees need it to grow and this plant needs the trees to grow. Drip Tips These plants have adapted so that now the rain runs of quickly. They need to avoid growing fungus. The sunlight also help to dry the water. The nutrients in the soil help this tree to get water that it needs so that it does not need its leafs to get wet, because if they do they will grow fungus. temperature on Earth. This certain effect is popularly known as the Green House Effect. Tourism - as tropical rain forests become rarer and rarer, more people are attracted to them, to recognize the amazing flora and faunas, the beautiful canopies, and how much this biome delivers to us. -because of the increase of tourism, there is a better increase in economic support, which contributes majorly to the rain forests: protection of habitats. Mining and drilling - there are many metals to be found in the underground of rain forests globally, from golds to silvers to coltan. Name_____________________ Biome Basics Temperate Deciduous Forest The ginkgo leaf tree: The ginkgo leaf tree is good with tolerating heat drought, and poor soil. The good kinds of soil that it can be growing in are acidic, alkaline, drought tolerant, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, silty loam, well drained, wet, wide range, clay soils. Just to name a few. The ginkgo tree grows wonderfully with sun light, and also with a little bit of shade in the mix. But does not grow well in hot dry climates. The ginkgo tree is a good street tree so it must adapt, it is known as the 'living fossil' because it has been around since the jurasstic times. That must be a indicated that it can work with its suroundings. It does well anywhere that these soils, and sun light in the temperate deciduous forest. The primrose plant: The preference for the Primrose plant is full sun light and a daily water is healthy for the plant and its growth. the European Red Squirrel American Black Bear the Bald Eagle no Adaptions listed Rapid changes from cold and dry to wet and warm or to any of the other corners of the climate envelope are often swift and dramatic. A favorite saying among the natives is "if you don't like the weather, wait a minute". Of course, we are talking about climate here, not weather, but the principle remains. Over the course of the year the climate will range from cold and snowy, hot and rainy. Precipitation may vary with the seasons as well, with some seasons being wetter than others. The Main way deciduous forests have been affected by humans is urbanisation, people moving into the countryside, building farms and other buildings, deforestation (chopping trees down), is a result of this as well as land is cleared for farmland. Building motorways through deciduous forests is also a big one. Logging is also an issue as large areas are destroyed. This is where a deciduous forest is found on Earth. This type of forest is in the east side of the USA, and found a bit in south america, down south at the tip of the continenet. It is also found in a big part of Europe, and in Japan and on the east side of Asia. There is also a smidge on the east side of Austrailia. There are no decidous forests in Africa, and definitely none in Antartica. Michigan is completely deciduous forest. Name_____________________ Biome Basics The type of soil it is most comfortable with is damp clayey soil. The part of the temperate deciduous forest that the Primrose plant lives in, is Britain. The fast climate change increasing in the deciduous forest is affecting the Primrose plant. The main accurance of its disaperence is the loss of habitat, the abandonment of woodland and the inappropriate management of waysides are afeccting this plant. Northern Arrowwood Shrub: The Northern Arrowwood tree does well in almost any soil, although they grow best in well drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil. It grows well in partial, and shaded areas/locations. The Northern Arrowwood has a shallow root system, and has leaveson average 4 inches long and 3 inches wide. Name_____________________ Biome Basics 3 Plant Examples Tundra Kornack Some plants have cup-shaped flowers that face up to the sun, so the sun's rays are directed towards the center of the flower. These plants stay warmer than the air around them. No name: Some plants are dark colored so they absorb the sunlight easier. Lichen, another tundra plant, can grow on solid rock! Cottongrass: survives the winter months as bulbs that grows below the ground. 3 Animal Examples Arctic wolf Polar bear Wolvirine No adaptions listed Climate Human Influences Location The Tundra is bleak and treeless because the top layer is completely frozen. The sun is either low in the sky or just absent from the sky. It is cold every month of the year though in the brief summer the temperature is more mild. The sun is out 24 hours a day during the summer. The Tundra get at least 6-10 inches of rain every year, Including melted snow, This is less water then in major deserts! No human influences listed Most of Tundra biome is 3.3 million square miles is located in the Arctic region of the world Name_____________________ Biome Basics Desert Wooly Daisy: Rattle snake How does it grow? Drought plants often grow only about 1/4 before producing one head. desert rats Saguaro Cactus : How does a saguaro cactus plant Grow?(Explain Adaptation) The Thing that help it is growing thick, column like stems,branches and flower.These thing help The cactus live for 75 years Prickly Pear Cactus: What are the adaptaion of prickly pear cactus plants? Adaptation is its defense mechanism, in the intimidating aspect and the painful impact of its barbed spines and bristles. Still another adaptation is the flexibility of its stem. The stem moves, Desert Tortoise The most common adaptation is staying in the shade of plants or rocks or by burrowing underground in the heat of the day. Many desert animals are nocturnal: they stay inactive in shelter during the day and hunt at night when it is cool. Some animals get all the moisture they need from the insects, plants and seeds they eat, and do not need to drink water. Most pass little moisture out of their bodies. They do not have sweat glands and pass only small amounts of concentrated urine. Fat increases body heat, so some desert animals have concentrated the body's fat in one place, such as a hump or tail, rather than having it all through the body. Some animals develop unique ways The desert climate is normally dry. It is immensely hot. The average wind speed or velocity for the desert is 11 MPH. The average temperature for a desert is around 40° celsius or 104° fahrenheit. The highest recorded temperature in a desert is 134° in Death Valley a desert in California. The lowest ever for a desert is 128.6° is in the Arctic Desert. we as humans affect the desert by using oil rigs By building roads through them By driving strait through the desert, destroying plants Constructions throughout the desert Overgrazing sheep and cattle may destroy plants-though this has slowed over the yea By overusing water Desert Farms Solar Farms and rally car races Description of where this biome is found around the world: Any Continent in the world. (even Antarctica) Name_____________________ Biome Basics processes and stores water, nutrient solutions, and energizing photosynthetic products. of surviving. The Thorny Devil, a lizard that lives in Australian desert areas, has a body that channels raindrops directly into its mouth when rain falls. The waterholding frog spends most of the year under the ground in Australian desert areas, and develop a sort of cocoon that enables them to store water to keep them going through the dry times. When it rains, they emerge to lay their eggs in puddles. The eggs hatch within days and the tadpoles develop quickly, before the water dries out. Camels are one of the few large mammals to survive in the desert, and have many special adaptations to help them. Name_____________________ Biome Basics 3 Plant Examples Grasslands Savanna 3 Animal Examples Candelabra Tree Zebra: This tree is poisonous. The white sap can cause a blister. If it touches your eyes, it blinds you. Breathing the fumes burns. This is a great adaptation because the animals in the Savanna don't feed on it, so the tree can grow in peace. This tree is also sometimes used as a living fence because nobody wants to touch it! Its height is about 50 in. from shoulder to hoof, and weighs in at 500 to 600 pounds. It has short legs and a large head. The zebra has black and white stripes, a black nose, and black hooves.It also has a short mane. Baobab this tree looks like it was pulled out of the ground and shoved back in with the roots sticking up. The baobab looks like this for a reason. In the wet months water is stored in its thick, corky, fire-resistant trunk for the nine dry months ahead. Elephant Grass This grass has very small seeds that don't germinate well. Since Black Rhino: The two horns of the black rhinoceros are made entirely of hardened hair. Rhinos can't see very well, and anything farther than 35 feet away from the rhino appears blurry. Black Rhinos have great sense of hearing. It gathers leaves and woody plants to eat, and needs to drink a lot of fresh water to survive. Ostrich The ostrich is the largest and heaviest living bird. It can't fly. The ostrich eats plants, including fruits, seeds and shoots, as well as Climate Human Influences Location The Savannah has a wet and dry climate. The Köppen climate group is Aw. The A from the Aw stands for a tropical climate, and the w from the Aw stands for a dry season in the winter. The Savannah’s distinct climate is a dry season which is in the winter. All Savannah’s get their rain in the summer. During the Savannah’s dry months the plants usually die and shrivel up. Some of the rivers and streams dry up as well. Most of the animals that live there migrate and move. Human interaction has also created a decline in tree growth, due to timber harvesting and seed harvesting for domestic use for mammals like cows and goats. But Over the years, people have been becoming aware of the types of dangers human interaction has caused. In some countries, Eco Tourism has become popular. Hotels have become more green and aware of there actions before they harm anything. Eco Tourism allows for clean efficient management in these resorts but also allows for humans and nature to interact with each other. The Savannah is typically grasslands. Different Types of Savannah can be found around the world. The Africa Savanna consists of low lying hills and rolling grasslands. The trees are widely dispersed and mostly consists of Acacia. The African Savanna can be found between the Sahara Desert and the Kalahari Desert. The african Savanna lies in the Rift Valley. The rift valley in a long stretch of land from The Ethiopian Rift all the way to Mozambique. The Savanna in eastern african is between the Mitumba Mountains and The Kenyan Highlands. The savanna that lies in between the rift valley barriers consist of a Series of Highlands in the East and lower basin that Lake Victoria sits in. The western part eventually leads into the congo basin if you were to cross over the Name_____________________ Biome Basics Grasslands Prairies they can't spread their seeds around, the grass mainly reproduces through it's rhizomes. Rhizomes are root-like underground stems that produce roots below and sends up shoots to the surface. some insects. Ostriches are mostly black & white and live in Southern and central Africa Big Bluestem Whitetail Deer These things help this plant grow because the soil help the roots dig in when it is first planted and when it is summer or fall some rain is in the mix but this is good for the prairie land because in the upper part the soil is course and moist and this says it is in that area. Coyote: Indian Grass These things help The Indian grass grow because every plants needs to soil it needs and this is a good soil for this plant and the climate helps a lot because the weather Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit: Animals have to adapt a lot if they would like to survive the prairie. Grass is hard to digest, so animals that graze, such as Buffalo and Pronghorn have developed special stomach so they can digest. Many of adaptations are taking place in the grassland. The scarcity of trees in the prairie make it difficult for animals to hide from predators. Most animals have to depend on speed, which most animals mountains toward the west. The elevation is set between 1,650 ft and 13,120 ft in the northern regions. The weather of the prairie is cold in the winter and warm in the summer. The rainfall varies through the years. Most of the time, there is a dry period in the summer. Every once and a while, about thirty years, there is a drought that lasts for years. The most famous drought was called the Dust Bowl and took place in the 1930s. The climate of the biome varies. It is moister when you move closer to the Rocky Mountains. The climate is driest in central positions. That is why there are different types of People have move on to the prairie and their homes and cites have taken over the homes of the animals that live on the prairie. Human cities and road have also not allowed animals of the prairie, like Buffalos, to live and move around like they use to. The prairie are mostly dry grasslands but humans have damned up rivers to form lakes. These new lakes have changed the amount of water in the area and the amount of rain. This has changed the weather and the type of animals, like birds, that live on the prairie. Humans have also In the middle of North America is a huge area of land which is covered with grasses and colorful wild flowers. This biome is located approximately 1,000 miles from western Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains. The area covers about 1.4 million square miles. The prairies form a triangular area from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba down through the Great Plains to southern Texas and Mexico. It is in western end of American you will find the North American prairie it is mostly grass lands with few Name_____________________ Biome Basics really does not change a lot so it helps to and the sun helps it grow big and strong but it is good for the prairie land to because most of the soil is going to be dry and it says that. Koeleria Koeleria Grass I think these factors help this plant grow because these things are in the prairie lands and this plant can grow here because everything that is in the prairie land. have adapted to do. The Pronghorn can run up to 60 mph. Since there are so few trees in the grasslands, bird must nest on the ground. Some, like the Sharptailed Grouse struts around the ground. Many animals live underground. For example, the Burrowing Owl, when it sensing danger it hides in its burrow. Prairie Dogs build undergroundlabyrinths that fit their needs. prairies. The tallgrass prairie is the wetter parts. The shortgrass prairie is closer to the rain shadow of the Rocky Mountain. The tallgrass prairie is humid and wet and shortgrass, which is the part of the prairie that is the hottest in the summer and coldest in the winter and the driest all the time. The rain shadow makes the prairies extremely dry by preventing water and precipitation from reaching the Great Plains. During both summer and winter, strong winds sweep the lands. The average precipitation of the year is around 10-30 inches per year, though most falls as snow in winter. In the shortgrass prairie, precipitation is about 12.6 inches. In the tall grass prairie, precipitation is about 21.7 inches. In the winter, the temperature can reach as low as -40 degrees Fahrenheit. In the summer, the temperature of the prairies can reach as brought plants to the land that are not local plants for this area. trees and few lakes. Name_____________________ Biome Basics high as 113 degrees Fahrenheit. In some places in America, there are prairies that are so dry they resemble deserts. There are often storms in the prairies. They come in the forms of thunder, lightning, hail, blizzards and most of all, tornadoes. The cause of these storms is when winds from the Pacific and Arctic oceans and the Gulf of Mexico clash. It has been difficult to find the exact climate of the prairie because there has been discovered evidence that in the past, people has use fire as a tool to maintain the prairie. Name_____________________ Biome Basics 3 Plant Examples Taiga 3 Animal Examples Wild flowers stellar's sea eagle The wildflowers of the taiga can survive under snow to grow again during the short summer. You my think you have seen a werid bird before but unless you seen the stellar's sea eagle you haven't seen anything. I call this thing the Pufegle a strange combo that combine the face of a puffin, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a penguin. This magnificent beast is considered the most powerful of it's cousins the Bald eagle and the White Tailed Sea Eagle. These eagle migrate to Japan every winter to go to there breeding grounds. The open waters are the main food source to the Steller's and most nests are found near the coast lines were salmon are in mass. LICHENS Lichens don't need very much sunlight to survive and can survive through drought periods. they don't have roots and can survive on almost any surface. They get their nutrients from the air and rain. BIRCH Since birch and aspen trees lose their leaves in the winter, they can survive through the cold winters of the taiga. But, they do have to consume energy to regrow leaves in the spring. The Arctic Fox . Arctic Fox has a beautiful white coat that helps them discasie from Climate Human Influences Location The climate is mostly cold. The weather is cold for a long time almost half a yearSummer doesn't get very high in temperature the lowest temperature is 30°·The Taiga biome is very cold so it is not near the equator. Taiga is affected human activity and climate change. Animals of the taiga such as foxes or bears have always been hunted there fluffy fur and skin have helped people survive in frezing climates for thousands of years. The most serous human threats to taigas does not come from hunting. Civilization is dependent on buildings for homes, industry, and schools. The trees of the taiga are cut down for lumber , paper, cardboard, and other supplies. The shipping of wood and paper is one of the most important industries in Canada. The Taiga is the world's largest land biome it makes up 29% of the world's forest cover. largest areas are located in Russia and Canada you will also find it over various areas of North America and Eurasia. Name_____________________ Biome Basics predators. This is also used to follow predators when they hunt so that the fox can pick up the scrapes of animal. Also in the summer months there coat changes to brown or grey this helps the camouflage in the rocks and mud. These colorings help foxes to effectively hunt rodents, birds, and even fish. Foxes will also eat vegetables when they are available. The Blue Hare or the Mountain hare is a small common hare that is found all over eurasia. It grows to a length of 18–26in and a mass of 4.4–12 lb females being slightly heavier than males. In the summer season all of the hares turn a shade of brown, and in winter they turn white pelage. The mountain hares diet changes from regain to regain for example, in northern Scandinavia where snow may blanket the ground for many months, the hares Name_____________________ Biome Basics may graze on twigs and bark. In areas where snowfall is rare, such as Ireland, grass may form the bulk of the diet.I