Download Cold War Study Guide 2016

Cold War Study Guide
Test Date: February 27, 2017
1. Know your vocabulary words.
2. How did the relationship between the U.S. and Soviet Union change in the
decade following World War II? During World War II the countries were
allies; afterwards, they were enemies.
3. The main purpose of the U.S. foreign policy in decade following World War
II was to prevent Communism from spreading to new countries.
4. Iron Curtain
a. The “iron curtain” was symbol of the divide between Eastern and
Western Europe. Western Europe was a democracy while Eastern
Europe was under communist control.
b. Winston Churchill came up with the term “iron curtain” because he
felt there was a separation of the Communist countries in Eastern
Europe from the capitalist nations in Western Europe.
5. Repressive is a word that describes Communist governments that exist in
real life. Repressive means (especially of a social or political system) taking
away or restricting the freedom of a person or group of people.
6. The nuclear weapons that the USSR and US had were a deterrent (deterrent
means to stop or prevent) to war. Therefore, the weapons helped to prevent
all-out war.
7. What did the Soviet Union do with the countries they freed during World War
II? They stayed in the countries and tried to make them communist
8. Why was America worried about the Soviet Union staying in European
countries after World War II? America was scared that communist were
taking over the world.
9. What was the name given to the communist governments that the Soviet
Union set up throughout Eastern Europe? Eastern Bloc
10. What three things did the Soviet Union do ensure the success of communism?
a. Jailed their opponents
b. Killed their opponents
c. They rigged (cheated) to win elections.
11. What led to the United States and Soviet Union distrusting each other? The
United States believed that the people should decide business and
government practices. The Soviet Union believed that a powerful central
government should control the government as well as the economy.
12. Why was it called a Cold War? Because neither side ever fired a shot
13. Why didn’t the Soviet Union or the United States fire a shot? They were both
scared that it would lead to nuclear war.
14. What did Russia and the United States think each country was trying to do?
Each side thought the other was trying to take over the world.
15. Why was the world nervous about the Soviet Union and the United States
possibly going to war? They were worried that it would lead to another
World War but this one could destroy the planet because of the threat of
nuclear weapons.
16. How many sections was Germany divided into after World War II? 4 sections
17. Which countries controlled the different sections? US, Great Britain, France,
and Soviet Union.
18. Which country from the allied side didn’t want to reunite Germany? Soviet
Union
19. Which side of Germany belonged to the Soviet Union? East Germany
20. Which side of Germany did the US, Great Britain, and France control? West
Germany
21. What were the areas of extreme tension called during the Cold War? Hot
Spots
22. What was the Capital of Germany? Berlin
23. Was Berlin in East or West Germany? It was in East Germany which was
controlled by the Soviets
a. Even though Berlin was in East Germany it was split into four
sections because it was the capital of Germany.
24. How many occupation zones or sections was Berlin split into? Four
25. Which side of Berlin did the Soviets control? East Berlin
26. Which side of Berlin did the US, Great Britain, and France control? West
Berlin
27. What did the Soviets do in order to get Britain, France, and America to leave
Berlin? They blocked all land and water traffic into Western Berlin
(controlled by France, Britain, and US). They thought by keeping food and
supplies out of West Berlin France, Britain, and the US would leave so that
the people could get supplies.
28. What did the United States do when the Soviet Union blocked West Berlin
from receiving food and supplies from the free territories in Western Europe?
The Berlin Airlift
29. What is the Berlin Airlift? It is when the U.S. airplanes dropped food and
supplied people in West Berlin.
30. How long did the Berlin Airlift last? 11 months
31. What happened after the Berlin Airlift?
a. Germany officially becomes two countries with two governments.
b. Bonn becomes the capital of West Germany (US, France, Great
Britain side).
c. East Berlin becomes the capital of East Germany (Soviet Side).
d. West Berlin (US, France, Great Britain side) remains a democratic
stronghold, surrounded by communism because it’s in East Germany
(Soviet Side).
32. Why was Korea divided by the United States and Russia after World War II? It
was controlled by Japan before the war. The Soviet Union and the United
States split it in half.
33. What parallel divides North and South Korea? 38th parallel
34. What kind of government did North Korea have? Communist
35. What kind of government did South Korea have? Democratic
36. Who was the leader of North Korea? Kim II Sung
37. What led to the Korean War? North Korea tried to invade Korea in 1950.
38. What did the United States do when North Korea attempted to invade South
Korea?
a. The United States got involved because they wanted to stop the
spread of communism.
b. They sent the Navy and Air Force to help the South Korean’s.
c. They asked the United Nations to help stop the invasion.
39. Who disobeyed an order to stay out of North Korea? General Douglas
MacArthur
40. Which country that bordered North Korea got involved once the US went into
North Korea? China because they were a communist country as well.
41. Which countries supported North Korea during the Korean War? China and
Soviet Union
42. Which countries or country supported South Korea during the Korean War?
The United Nations and the United States.
43. What effect did the end of the Korean War have?
a. An effect of the Korean War was that Korea remained a divided
country.
b. The war didn’t decide anything (nobody won).
c. Everything stayed the same.
d. Korea was still two countries (North and South Korea)
e. It was still divided by the 38th parallel
f. It is still the same today.
44. What was the Unites States strategy for stopping the spread of Communism
called? Containment
45. Who started the Russian space program? Nikita Khrushchev
46. Who was responsible for placing the missiles in Cuba? Nikita Khrushchev
47. Why did Khrushchev place the missiles in Cuba? He felt that it would bring
the Soviet Union more power because he believed they were losing the Cold
War.
48. What was Khrushchev’s goal during the Cold War?
a. He wanted to overtake the United States as a World Power
b. He wanted to spread Communism
49. Did the people in East Berlin like Communism? No
50. What would the people of East Berlin do to escape Communism? They would
go to West Berlin where they had a democracy.
51. What did the Soviets do to stop the people of East Berlin (Soviet Union) from
going to West Berlin (US, Britain, France)? They built a 103-mile wall
between East and West Berlin.
52. What was the name of the wall that divided East and West Berlin? The Berlin
Wall
53. When was the Berlin Wall destroyed? Nov. 9th 1989
54. The Cold War was mostly a competition between what two countries? United
States and Soviet Union
55. What were Americans scared of after World War II? Communism
56. What would American fear of communism following World War II lead to? A
hunt for Communists by Joseph McCarthy
57.Who came up with the term “Iron Curtain”? Winston Churchill
58.What did Iron Curtain mean? It was an imaginary line that separated the
Communist countries in Eastern Europe from the capitalist nations in the
West.
59.What is voluntary exchange? It is when countries or individuals trade
between each other.
60.Who does voluntary exchange benefit? It benefits capitalist countries
because it leads to competition, which leads to better products being
produced at a better price.
61.What was America’s biggest fear during the Cold War? The start of a nuclear
war.
62.The Cold War between the United States and the former Soviet Union was a
rivalry between which two forms of government? Communism (Soviet
Union) and Democracy (United States).
63. What two main issues did the United States and Soviet Union disagree on?
a. Political Beliefs - Democracy (United States) vs. Communism (Soviet
Union)
b. Economic Beliefs – Capitalism (United States) vs. Communism
(Soviet Union).
64. Which 1960 event almost bought the world close to a nuclear war? Cuban
Missile Crisis
65. When did the Cold War End? 1991
66. What happened at the end of the Cold War?
a. The Berlin Wall was destroyed and East Germany became free.
b. They East and West Germany would reunite and become one
Germany again.
c. The Soviet Union lost control of the communist countries in Eastern
Europe and new government officials were elected.
d. The Soviet Union economy struggled and there was not enough
money to keep the system strong enough to continue competing with
the United States.
e. The people of the Soviet Union had lost faith in communism.
f. The Soviet Union became a bunch of countries with Russia being the
largest country.
67.Why was NATO formed? To keep the Soviet Union from forcing communism
on other countries.
68. How were the Korean War and the Vietnam War similar? Both wars were
fought to stop the spread of communism from one country to another.
69.What Senator made lists of people he thought might be Communist because
Americans feared communism? Joseph McCarthy
70. What event caused the beginning of the Korean War? When North Korea
invaded South Korea
71. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? When the Soviet Union placed nuclear
missiles in Cuba causing the world to fear a nuclear war.
72. How was the Vietnam War different from the other wars? The first war in
which citizens could view it on television.
73. What did the United States use to drop supplies during the Berlin Airlift?
Airplanes
74. What term was used to describe making communist charges against
somebody without any real evidence? McCarthyism
75. What was the theory called that said if one country fell to communism, then
other countries would fall soon after? Domino Theory
76. What was a result f the Cuban Missile Crisis? Both sides agreed that nuclear
war would be a disaster and called of the arms race.
77. What plan allowed countries to receive money from the United States as long
as the promised that they wouldn’t become communist? Marshall Plan
78. China is a communist country that borders communist North Korea.
79. America would increase their spending on defense because they were so
worried about the Soviet Union as a military threat.
80. What did the fall of the Berlin Wall signify? It signified the end of
communist domination of Eastern Europe.
81. What was the competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to
see who had a stronger military called? Arms Race