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Name: ____________________ World History Mid-Term 1. 2. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. The first recorded event in history is known as __________? Human society characterized by cities, specialized labor, government, arts and science, religious beliefs, and written language is known as _______________? The “Land between the Rivers” is known as ________________? The belief in many gods is known as _________________? The Sumerians created the earliest form of writing which used a wedged-shaped stylus to make impressions onto tables of wet clay which were then baked. This form is writing is known as ________________? Civilizations usually developed near what geographical feature? ________________ The Sumerian temple was known as a __________________? The first established empire was the _______________ Empire. Mesopotamia was united under the rule of _______________. Who united the two lands of Upper and Lower Egypt? ________________ Egyptian people considered this person to a god in human form. ___________________ The Egyptians learned bronze metallurgy and the art of war from which people? _________________ The period of Egyptian history in which Egypt became a world power was known as the _____________________ Egyptians developed a form of picture writing known as _____________________ Which Pharaoh was known as the “Napoleon of Egypt” because under his rule, the Egyptian armies conquered Palestine and Syria, extending Egyptian rule all the way to the Euphrates River: ______________________________________ This artifact contained inscriptions in Greek, demotic, and hieroglyphics and was instrumental in deciphering Egyptian Hieroglyphics. ____________________ This civilization was not ruled by priests or gods, but rather a king and excelled in the production of iron. ___________________ Which civilization developed the first primitive form of an alphabet? __________________ Who was the pagan god of the Canaanites? ______________ What is known as the “Crossroads of Civilizations” ___________________ Which language became the common language of the region and was probably the language which Jesus and his disciples spoke? _________________ Who was given a promise by God to bless and multiply his descendants into a great nation? ____________________ Who conquered the city of Tyre? _________________________________ Under this leader, the Israelites began to conquer the land of Canaan. _________________ The belief in one God is known as ______________________. Draw the social structure pyramid of Ancient Egypt 27. A. B. C. D. The earliest known Greek civilization was ___________ in 2000 B.C. Trojan Minoan Mycenaen Hellenistic 28. A. B. C. D. Which Greek civilization went to war with Troy? Trojan Minoan Mycenaen Cretan 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 29. The period between 1150 – 750 B.C. where the Greeks neglected their great fortresses, and adopted a simpler life in villages was known as: ______________ A. The Intermediate Period B. The Greek Golden Age C. The Greek Dark Age D. None of the above 30. A. B. C. D. Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey? Socrates Plato Aristotle Homer 31. A. B. C. D. According to Greek mythology, who was the “king of gods and man” who lived on top of Mount Olympus? Poseidon Zeus Athena Apollo 32. What does the word “Polis” mean? A. B. C. D. Polite City-state Democracy Independence 33. A. B. C. D. Rule by one is known as: Monarchy Oligarchy Democracy Tyranny 34. A. B. C. D. Rule by force is known as: Monarchy Oligarchy Democracy Tyranny 35. A. B. C. D. Which Greek city-state focused on the military, training boys at the age of 7? Corinth Athens Sparta Carthage 36. A. B. C. D. Which Greek city-state nurtured independence and democracy/ Corinth Athens Sparta Carthage 37. A. B. C. D. Which Persian king died before he could conquer the city-states of Greece in the Persian Wars? Xerxes I Xerxes II Darius I Alexander the Great 38. A. B. C. D. Which Persian king renewed the struggle carried out by his father and faced the Greeks at Thermopylae and Salamis? Xerxes I Xerxes II Darius I Alexander the Great 39. After the Persian Wars, the Greeks formed a defensive alliance of city-states to guard against further Persian attack known as: A. Delian League B. Periclean League C. Peloponnesian League D. League of Three 40. A. B. C. D. Who led Athens during her “Golden Age”? Socrates Plato Pericles Themistocles 41. A. B. C. D. Following the Greek Golden Age, what war broke out between Athens and Sparta? Persian War Peloponnesian War The War of the City-States Pericles’ War 42. A. B. C. D. What was the result of the above war? Athens emerged victorious by crushing Sparta It was a draw Sparta emerged victorious by allying with Persia None of the above 43. Who took the Macedonian throne at 20 and almost conquered the entire known ancient world before dying unexpectedly of a fever? A. Philip II B. Achilles C. D. Alexander the Great Darius III 44. A. B. C. D. What is the name of the raised hill that still stands in Greece today? Acropolis Pantheon Parthenon Apocrypha 45. What is the name of the temple used for worshipping the goddess Athena which still stands on the above hill? A. Acropolis B. Pantheon C. Parthenon D. Apocrypha 46. What term means “Greek-like” and is used to describe Greek culture, language, and architecture? A. Helots B. Hellenic C. Greekine D. Doric 47. According to the legend of the founding of Rome, what happened between twin brothers Romulus and Remus? ________________________________________________________________________ 48. In early Roman society, who was the sole authority and had the power of life and death over the family? A. Caesar B. Mother C. Father D. Senate 49. The wealthy upper class was called the _____________, while the lower class were called __________________. 50. What was the Roman symbol of the imperium? A. Chariots B. Coliseum C. Silver Coins D. Fasces 51. Finish the saying, “All roads lead to ____________”. 52. In 509 B.C. the Romans overthrew the Etruscan monarchy and established a __________________. A. Oligarchy B. Republic C. Democracy D. Tyranny 53. What was the most powerful body in the above government? (It contained about 500 of the wealthy upper class) A. Assembly B. Forum C. Senate D. Centurion 54. What was the law of Rome that hung in the forum called? _____________________________________________________________________ 55. How many Punic Wars were there? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 56. Who crossed the Alps in the dead of winter with battle elephants and infantry to invade Northern Italy? A. Hannibal B. Scipio C. Julius Caesar D. Pompey 57. Why was Tiberius Gracchus beaten to death with the legs of chairs in 123 B.C.? _____________________________________________________________________ 58. Who won the First Civil War and declared himself dictator? A. Marius B. Pompey C. Sulla D. Julius Caesar 59. Following the first Civil War, Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar formed an alliance known as the ____________________. 60. Who emerged victorious and declared himself dictator for life over Rome following the victory over Pompey? A. Crassus B. Julius Caesar C. Diocletian D. Constantine 61. Describe the assassination of Julius Caesar on the “ides of March”: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 62. Who won the Third Civil War in the battle of Actium? A. Octavian B. Mark Antony C. Brutus D. None of the above 63. What was the major significance of the Third Civil War? _____________________________________________________________________ 64. What is the Pax Romana? _____________________________________________________________________ 65. Who were the people who fought to the death in the Colosseum? _____________________________________________________________________ 66. Who washed his hands after sentencing Jesus Christ to death? A. Tiberius B. Pontius Pilate C. Caesar Augustus D. Abenader 67. Who was the first Christian martyr? A. Peter B. Paul C. Stephen D. Matthew 68. Who was converted to Christianity after being blinded on the way to Damascus? _______________ A. Thomas B. Saul C. Constantine D. Peter 69. In what year was Jerusalem destroyed? A. 60 A.D. B. 70 A.D. C. 75 A.D. D. 80 A.D. 70. What does A.D. mean? A. After Death B. Anno Domini C. In the Year of our Lord D. B & C 71. Describe at least two ways the Christians were persecuted under Nero: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 72. Who saw a cross shining in the sky and painted crosses on all his soldier’s shields in preparation for battle? A. Diocletian B. Domitian C. Constantine D. Augustus 73. Which edict made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire after 300 years of persecution? _____________________________________________________________________ 74. Where was the scripture canonized by the Roman Empire? A. Council of Constantine B. Council of Tricea C. Council of Nicaea D. Council of Lycena 75. Under which emperor did Christianity become both the official and exclusive religion of the Roman Empire? A. Constantine B. Theodosius C. Augustulus D. Diocletian 76. Give three reasons why the Roman Empire began to decline: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ 77. The Roman Empire was split into two parts with the Western Empire’s capital at _________________, and the Eastern Empire’s capital at ______________________. 78. Which barbaric peoples did the Roman let live inside of the city until they rebelled against Rome? A. Huns B. Vandals C. Franks D. Visigoths 79. Who raided and pillaged Rome effectively ending the Roman Empire? A. Huns B. Vandals C. Franks D. Visigoths 80. Which Byzantine city was called “New Rome”? A. Jerusalem B. Damascus C. Antioch D. Constantinople 81. Which Byzantine emperor wanted to restore the glories of Rome to its empire? A. Alexius I B. Justinian C. Urban II D. Charlemagne 82. What revolt threatened the Byzantine emperor’s reign? A. Nina Revolt B. Nike Revolt C. Nika Revolt D. None of the Above 83. What was the name of the Byzantine law code that was simplified from tens of thousands to 4000 laws? ____________________ 84. What is the finest example of Byzantine architecture? (Hint: It is known for its dome of 40 windows) ___________________________ 85. Name one factor that led to the Great Schism of 1054: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________ 86. Which of Abraham’s sons does the Arab lineage travel through? A. Isaac B. Ishmael C. Cain D. Abel 87. Who was the prophet that started Islam after he received revelations from the angel Gabriel? A. Abu-Bakr B. Ibn Al-Shuttar C. Allah D. Muhammad 88. What name do Muslims give to God? _______________________ 89. What is the name of the sacred shrine in Mecca that houses the Black Stone? ______________________ 90. What is the name of the Islamic holy book? __________________ 91. What is the name of the Islamic place of worship? ______________________ 92. What are the Five Pillars of Islam? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 93. What does the word Muslim mean? __________________________________________________________________ 94. Which faction of Islam believes that Ali should have been the rightful successor to Muhammad? A. Sunni B. Shia C. Al-Qaeda D. None of the Above 95. Which faction of Islam believed that Abu-Bakr was the appropriate choice to succeed Muhammad? A. Sunni B. Shia C. Al-Qaeda D. None of the Above 96. Define the word Caliph: ______________________________________________ 97. Who was the first Caliph? __________________________________________________________________ 98. What was a major characteristic of “The Rashidun?” __________________________________________________________________ 99. Which caliphate created a hereditary dynasty, ending the practice of selecting the caliph from among the close friends of Muhammad? A. Abbasid Caliphate B. Umayyad Caliphate C. Ottoman Caliphate D. Rashidun Caliphate 100. Which caliphate marks the peak of the Muslim Empire? A. Abbasid Caliphate B. Umayyad Caliphate C. Ottoman Caliphate D. Rashidun Caliphate 101. Which group of Turkish warriors took Jerusalem through conquest and threatened Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire? __________________________________________________________________ 102. What was the name given to the “holy wars” between Christianity and Islam over Jerusalem? ________________________________________________________ 103. What was the result of the First Crusade? __________________________________________________________________ 104. Explain how Constantinople would eventually fall to the Ottoman Turks: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ 105. Hinduism is based off of which sacred texts? (Circle all that apply) A. Analects B. Rig Veda C. Upanishads D. Bhagavad Gita 106. India is divided into rigid social groups known as ____________. A. Tribes B. Clans C. Hindus D. Castes 108. Which group is at the very bottom of the above System? A. Priests B. Untouchables C. Rulers and Warriors D. Merchants and Traders E. Servants and Serfs 109. Which group is at the very top of the above system? A. Priests B. Untouchables C. Rulers and Warriors D. Merchants and Traders E. Servants and Serfs 110. What is the oldest religion in the world? A. B. C. D. Buddhism Shintoism Hinduism Islam 111. Hindus believe in a great god which permeates the universe known as ___________. A. Upanishad B. Brahman C. Sudra D. Kshatriya 112. The ultimate purpose and goal of man according to Hinduism is to reunite with the ___________ A. World Soul B. Nirvana C. Ancestors D. Confucius 113. The process by which a man’s soul passes through many rebirths before it escapes the physical world and reunites with Brahman is known as: _________________ A. Rebirth B. Transfiguration C. Reincarnation D. Purgatory 114. True or False: You can move up the Hindu caste system during your lifetime. 115. True or False: India was the birthplace of both Hinduism and Buddhism. 116. Siddhartha Gautama founded which religion? A. Hinduism B. Buddhism C. Islam D. Shintoism 117. Central to Gautama’s teaching are his ____________ and ______________. A. Five Noble Truths and Six-fold Path B. Four Noble Truths and Six-fold Path C. Six Noble Truths and Five-fold Path D. Four Noble Truths and Eight-Fold Path 118. Write the Four Noble Truths: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 119. According to Buddhism, once a man frees himself from the cycle of birth/rebirth, he will enter a state of absolute peace and harmony known as ______________. A. Paradise B. Nirvana C. Heaven D. Karma 120. Define the word Karma: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 121. In Hinduism, appropriate living by adhering to religious/moral laws is called: A. Artha B. Dharma C. Karma D. Moksha 122. Which is NOT one of the four daily duties of the Hindu? A. Revere the deities B. Forsake Ancestors C. Respect all beings D. Honor all humankind 123. What is the Middle Path that Buddhists are called to follow? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 124. In Buddhism, the continuous cycle of birth, life, death, and re-birth is called: A. Wheel of Life B. Wheel of Dharma C. Circle of Life D. Circle of Dharma 125. Who unified northern India and created the first empire in India? A. Asoka B. Kalidasa C. Chandragupta D. Chandragupta II 126. What was the name of the first empire in India? A. Gupta Empire B. Mauryan Empire C. Abbasid Empire D. Vedic Empire 127. Who was the famous Indian ruler who converted to Buddhism and built stupas all around his empire? A. Kalidasa B. Kautilya C. Asoka D. Chandragupta Maurya 128. Which empire was the golden age of India? A. Gupta Empire B. Mauryan Empire C. Abbasid Empire D. Vedic Empire 129. What was the major commodity being exported during the golden age? A. Horses B. Silk C. Spices D. Gold & Ivory 130. Who was the greatest of the Indian poets who fused strong emotion and religion and religion into his poetry? A. Kalidasa B. Shakespeare C. Ibn Buttar D. Marco Polo 131. Name three major advancements/inventions during the golden age of India: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 132. The collections of Confucius’ sayings are written in what book? A. Sayings of Kung Fuzi B. Wisdom of the Ages C. Analects D. Rig Vedas 133. Define Filial Piety: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 134. True or False: Jesus was the first person to quote the Golden Rule. 135. Who created the religion of Taoism? A. Confucius B. Shih Huang Ti C. Laozi D. Kung Tao 136. True or False: In Taoism, the way to act is harmony is to interfere with the natural order of things. 137. True or False: Confucianism teaches that it is the duty of human beings to work hard to improve life here on earth. 138. Many Chinese houses contains an altar before which the Chinese burned incense to honor the spirits of the dead. This is a practice called A. Meditation B. Ancestor Worship C. Haka-Shiri D. Bushido 139. Chinese writing consists of some 65,000 __________ that make up their language. A. Lines B. Numbers C. Letters D. Characters 140. The Chinese, and later the Japanese developed ______________________ to choose the most qualified leaders for government positions. A. Strength and Agility Tests B. Religious Exams C. Civil Service Exams D. Character Exams 141. This dynasty was one of the earliest known Chinese dynasties: A. Chou B. Shang C. Ch’in D. Tang E. Han F. Sung 142. Confucianism and Taoism were introduced during this dynasty: A. Chou B. Shang C. Ch’in D. Tang E. Han F. Sung 143. The Great Wall was built during this dynasty, and a strong centralized government was created: A. Chou B. Shang C. Ch’in D. Tang E. Han F. Sung 144. This dynasty was the golden age of China. A. Chou B. Shang C. Ch’in D. Tang E. Han F. Sung 145. This dynasty was politically weak, but excelled in porcelain making. A. Chou B. Shang C. Ch’in D. Tang E. Han F. Sung 146. During this dynasty, the “Silk Road” was opened for trade with western civilizations. A. Chou B. Shang C. Ch’in D. Tang E. Han F. Sung 147. Explain the Japanese myth of the creation of Japan: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 148. In early Japanese society, land was divided amongst warring __________, which were groups of families that descended from a common ancestor. A. Guilds B. Joint-Families C. Clans D. Clubs 149. In 5th Century A.D. which of the above groups dominated all the others? A. Morimoto B. Fujiwara C. Yamato D. Bushido 150. Who was the first emperor of Japan who claimed to be a direct descendent of the sun goddess? A. Hideki Tojo B. Jimmu Tenno C. Prince Shotoku D. None of the Above 151. What was Japan’s native religion? A. Buddhism B. Hinduism C. Islam D. Shintoism 152. True or False: Prince Shotoku made Hinduism the favored religion of Japan during his rule. 153. In the 7th century, the leaders of Japan wanted to limit the power of the chieftains and extend the rule of the emperor. This was called the ________________. A. Great Reform B. Taika Reform C. Shoka Reform D. Shinto Reform 154. Who was the leader of the Minamoto clan, who became the supreme military leader of Japan when he defeated the only remaining powerful clan. A. Prince Shotoku B. Yoritomo C. Bushido D. Jimmu Tenno 155. The Japanese warrior was called: A. Samurai B. Hara-Kiri C. Shinto D. Assassin 156. The unwritten military code of Japan which was the “the way of the warrior” was known as: A. Bushido B. Hara-Kiri C. Kamikaze D. Shinto 157. What was a ceremonial practice whereby a Japanese warrior could commit suicide to avoid disgrace of capture, or to atone for deeds of misconduct. A. Bushido B. Hara-Kiri C. Kamikaze D. None of the Above 158. The early medieval church was called __________ meaning “universal” or “encompassing all” Roman Protestant Catholic Sacramental 159. Which is not a part of the Roman Sacramental System? Baptism The Holy Eucharist Confirmation Excommunication 160. During this “mystery”, Catholics believe the Priest transforms the bread and wine into the actual body and blood of Christ. A. Transconfiguration B. Transubstantiation C. Transformation D. The Mystery of Christ 161. The most powerful of the Germanic tribes who established many independent kingdoms and ruled most of Gaul. A. Franks B. Vikings C. Slavs D. Visigoths 162. Known as “King of the Franks”, _________ cried out to God in battle vowing to believe and be baptized in His name if he emerged victorious? A. Pepin II B. Charles Martel C. Clovis D. Charlemagne 163. Which house was known as the “Do-nothing kings” A. Merovingian B. Carolingian C. Charlamingian D. Pepinine 164. Who actually supervised the king’s household, and had authority over the financial, military, and administrative functions of the government? A. King B. Mayor of the House C. Mayor of the Palace D. Pope 165. Explain why the “Do-nothing” kings were aptly named by that title: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 166. Who was the best remembered of all the mayors when he stopped the advance of the Muslims into Europe. He was given the nickname, “The Hammer” A. Pepin II B. Pepin the Short C. Charles Martel D. Charlemagne 167. Which mayor was given the crown when he appealed to the pope to be granted king. The pope responded, “the one who wielded the power should be king”. A. Pepin II B. Pepin the Short C. Clovis D. Charles Martel 168. Who was the greatest of the Carolingian kings and was eventually crowned emperor on 800 A.D. by the Pope. A. Caroline I B. Charlemagne C. Charles I D. Clovis 169. During this treaty, the three brothers decided to split Charlemagne’s empire into three separate kingdoms. A. Treaty of Versailles B. Treaty of Paris C. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle D. Treaty of Verdun 170. True or False: Feudalism, or the Feudal System, was the political system which allowed local rulers to offer people protection in return for their services. 171. What was the basis of power and wealth during the Feudal Age? A. Knighthood B. The Church C. Land D. Gold 172. Who were the landholding nobles who the King offered property to? A. Vassals B. Lords C. Serfs D. Aristocrats 173. A land grant given by the King was known as a ______ A. Fiat B. Donation C. Fief D. Gift of the King 174. True or False: Through the process of Subinfeudation, a land grant could be partitioned out until it could no longer be divided. 175. During this ceremony, a man became a Vassal and was eligible to receive a land grant by the King. A. Homage B. Mass C. Knighthood Ceremony D. Purification 176. What was the center of life for the nobility, and usually contained the jail, treasury, armory, the court, and the seat of government? A. Church B. Manor C. Sanctum D. Castle 177. According to this decree from the church, the church forbade the pillage of her property and extended protection to all noncombatants in society. A. Truce of God B. Peace of God C. Decree of God D. Law of God 178. According to this decree from the church, the church limited fighting from Wednesday evening to Monday morning. A. Truce of God B. Peace of God C. Decree of God D. Law of God 179. Knights would compete in a mock war called a ___________, which contained the joust and the melee. A. Match B. Hostile C. Battle D. Tournament 180. This was the land set aside for the lord, usually 1/6 th to 1/3rd of the land. A. Chivalry B. Missi Dominici C. Desmesne D. Dequesne 181. During this system of farming, villagers would plant crops on half of the cultivated land and leave the other half to be fallow for a year to regain its fertility. A. One-Field System B. Two-Field System C. Three-Field System D. Four-Field System 182. What was the most common system used during the Medieval Period? A. One-Field System B. Two-Field System C. Three-Field System D. Four-Field System 183. The peasants or slaves of the middle ages were known as: A. Serfs/Wenches B. Freemen C. Lords D. Vassals 184. The strict code of behavior that knights lived by was known as: A. Benedictine Rule B. Heraldry C. Calvary D. Chivalry 185. A competition between two knights on horseback wielding lances is called: A. Melee B. Jousting C. Fencing D. None of the above 186. True or False: Women were allowed to speak freely out in the open, and commonly did so. 187. List the Medieval social order pyramid from top to bottom: 188. List the Catholic Church clergy ladder from top to bottom: 189. Who was known as the first pope of the Catholic Church? A. Leo I B. Gregory I C. Urban I D. Ignatius I 190. Explain the Catholic idea of purgatory: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 191-196: List the 7 Sacraments of the Catholic Church: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bonus: 196-200: What have you liked the most about this class so far? ________________________________________________________________________