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World War II When Germany invaded Poland in 1939 and Britain and France declared war against it, the United States, as it had in World War I, stood poised to remain neutral but supply Britain and France with weapons and other material. This would create jobs for American workers and profits for American companies, bringing an end to the Great Depression. And again, this involvement would lead us into war with Germany. 1) What were the effects of U.S. companies providing supplies to Britain and France? In a number of ways, the Depression was also a cause of World War II. It was only after the Depression had begun that Hitler's Nazi party started to gain any real popularity. The Depression had caused America and Europe to cut back on its trade with Japan. This need for raw materials such as steel, oil, wood and food drove the Japanese government to turn to military seizures of materials no longer available through trade. Invasions of Manchuria, China, French Indochina, the Philippines, many other places. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii brought the United States fully into World War II against Japan. Hitler, now allied with Japan, declared war on the United States. Adolf Hitler was the head of the Nazi Party, which controlled Germany during WWII. 2) How was the Great Depression one of the causes of WWII? 3) What event brought the U.S. into WWII? Coming into World War II, in late 1941, the United States allied with Britain and the Soviet Union, a strange alliance of a democracy, a parliamentary monarchy and a communist dictatorship. The three were united by opposition to a common enemy, Nazi Germany. Britain was also at war with Japan over seizure of British colonies in Asia and the Pacific. The leaders of the three major allies decided to focus their attention on defeating Hitler first, with the war in the Pacific considered secondary. Allied leaders Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin and Roosevelt agreed on a plan to weaken Germany by campaigns in North Africa, Italy and Greece and then a crosschannel invasion of France and push into Germany. Soviet forces concentrated on pushing out German invaders who had invaded Russia in the spring of 1941. They then counterattacked Germany from the east. Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union), Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.), and Winston Churchill (Britian). 4) What united Britain, the U.S., and the Soviet Union? 5) In your own words, describe the Allies’ war plan. In Europe, the once dominant Nazis began to lose ground in 1943. The Allies took North Africa and then invaded Italy. Meanwhile, the Soviets had halted the German invasion and were pushing the Nazis back towards Germany. On June 6, 1944 (D-Day), American, British, and Canadian forces crossed the English Channel and landed in France. The Allies then began pushing the Germans back from the east and the west. By May of 1945, the Germans surrendered. As the tide turned in Europe against Germany, American and British forces began making progress against the overextended Japanese forces in the Pacific. Japan had miscalculated the ability of the Americans to fight a war in Europe and bounce back from defeat at Pearl Harbor as quickly as they did. Still Japanese resistance was strong. More and more, Americans relied on massive bombing raids to break Japanese resolve. Hiroshima after the atomic bomb. The mushroom cloud above Hiroshima As an invasion of the Japanese home islands was being considered, Americans completed development of atomic bombs. The new president, Harry Truman, ordered them used against two Japanese cities as an alternative to sending in a mass ground force of Allied troops. Within days, Japan surrendered. 6) What event caused the Japanese to surrender? Victory in World War II brought the United States the distinction of being the only country to ever use nuclear weapons against enemy cities. Another result of World War II was the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as the new superpowers, and the break-up of the Allied alliance itself into a Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union that would go on for the next forty-five years. 7) What happened to the U.S. and the Soviet Union as a result of WWII?