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Earth/ Environmental Science Syllabus (pacing guide) Unit 1 Measuring and Mapping Week Topics / Essential Questions What is Earth Science? How does Earth Science Affect out daily lives? 1 What are the steps of the Scientific Method? NC Standards Goal 1: The learner will develop abilities necessary to do and understand scientific inquiry in the earth and environ-mental sciences 1.02 (measurement and scientific method) 1.04 (safety) Reading Assignment Homework / Labs and Activities Chapter 1, Pages 4-9 Earth Science observation activity Scientific methods situations analysis Chapter 1, Pages 11-12 Chapter 1, Pages 11-16 What are SI units? Identifying Variables Measuring in SI Units Lab Chapter 1, Pages 17-19 Problem solving lab: making and using graphs. Textbook page 18. Chapter 2, Pages 27-31 Student worksheet, longitude and latitude How is scientific information communicated? How do we know where we are on the earth? Latitude and longitude 2-3 How do you locate places on earth? 2.05: Create and interpret topographic, soil and geologic maps using scale and legends. Printable maps Chapter 2, Pages 27-31 Measurments and Maps\understanding maps.pdf Chapter 2, Pages 32-35 Draw a map to your home activity Chapter 2, Pages 37-41 What are the different types of maps? Trip planning with the NC map NC topographic Map activity Using the WinstonSale map What is remote sensing? Using a topographic map, pages 42-43 in textbook Unit 1 Test Some Key Terms Asthenosphere Astronomy Atmosphere Biosphere Geology Hydrosphere Lithosphere Meteorology Oceanography Control Dependent variable (responding variable) Independent variable (manipulated variable) Scientific notation Area Volume Mass Density Time Temperature Law Scientific Theory Cartography Equator Latitude Longitude Prime meridian International date line Time zones Conic projection Contour interval Contour line Gnomonic projection Map legend Map scale Topographic map Electromagnetic Spectrum Frequency Global positioning system Landsat satellite Remote sensing Sonar Topex/Poseidon satellite Unit 2: Earth Chemistry (Matter) Week Topics / Essential Questions What are the basic building blocks of matter? What are subatomic particles? NC Standards and objectives 2.01 Analyze the dependence of the physical properties of minerals on the arrangement and bonding of the atoms. Reading Assignment Homework / Labs and Activities Chapter 3: Pages 53-59 Building blocks of matter activity Chapter 3, Pages 54-57 Chapter 3, Pages 53-59 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures activity What are elements? 4 Chapter 3, Pages 60-64 How do atoms combine? Chapter 3, Pages 65-66 Acids and bases pH lab What is pH? What are states of matter? Unit 2 Test Chapter 3, Pages 67-69 What’s the matter? Activity Some Key Terms Atom Atomic mass Atomic number Electron Element Energy level Isotope Mass number Neutron Nucleus Proton Radioactivity Valence electron Acid Base Chemical bond Compound Covalent bond Ion Ionic bond Molecule Solution Condensation Crystalline structure Evaporation Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Sublimation Unit 3 Minerals and Rocks Week Topics / Essential Questions What is a mineral? In what patterns are crystals arranged? What are the most common elements found in the earth’s crust? What are the major mineral groups? Why are minerals identified? 5 What are Igneous rocks? NC Standards and objectives 2.01 Analyze the dependence of the physical properties of minerals on the arrangement and bonding of the atoms. Reading Assignment Chapter 4, Pages 77-79 Chapter 4,page 79 Mineral crystal activity Chapter 4, Pages 80-81 Chapter 4, Pages 81-83 2.03 Investigate and analyze the processes responsible for the rock cycle: -analyze the origin, texture, and mineral composition of rocks -trace the path of elements through the rock cycle. -Relate rock formation to plate tectonics. -Identify the forms of energy that drive the rock cycle. Homework / Labs and Activities Mineral testing Lab Chapter 4, page 84 Chapter 5: Igneous Rocks Pages 98117 Mineral research project Edible igneous rock lab Igneous rock characteristics lab - Have students determine the densities for various intrusive and extrusive igneous samples. Have them rank them from most to least dense Use and create keys, charts, or flow charts to identify rocks. Some Key Terms Crystal Magma Mineral Silicate Cleavage Fracture Gem Hardness Luster Ore Specific gravity Streak Bowen’s reaction series Extrusive Fractional crystallization Igneous rock Intrusive Lava Partial melting Felsci Kimberlite Mafic Pegmatite Porphyritic Ultramafic How are rocks classified? Quarter test How are sedimentary rocks formed? What are the three main types of sedimentary rock? 6 What are metamorphic rocks? What is the Rock Cycle? Chap. 1-5 Continue 2.03 Chapter 6: Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks Pages 120127 Chap. 6: p. 128-132 Rock identification lab Modeling rocks with cookies/candy activity Online Rock Research project Rock cycle in the lab Bedding Cementation Clastic Cross-bedding Deposition Graded bedding Lithification Sedimentation Clastic sed. rock Evaporite Porosity Contact Metamorphism Foliated Hydrothermal metamorphism Nonfoliated Porphyoblast Regional metamorphism Rock cycle Unit 4 Dynamic Earth: Plate tectonics, mountain building, earthquakes and volcanoes 2.02 Analyze the What are the scientific Chapter 17: Continental drift historical ideas and evidence that Plate activity development of led to the theory of plate Tectonics the theory of tectonics? p. 442-467 A Model of Earth’s plate tectonics Interior Act. 7 What is the relationship between the type of plate boundary and the locations of various features such as ocean trenches, mountain ranges, and mid-ocean ridges? Edible Tectonics A Solid or Liquid or a Liquid—What is the Mantle (Asthenosphere) Like? Fault models activity Continental drift Pangaea Magnetic reversal Paleomagnetism Seafloor spreading Convergent boundary Divergent boundary Transform boundary Rift valley Subduction Theory of plate tectonics Ridge push Slab pull Amazing Earth video Chapter 20: Mountain Building p. 523-543 What is Earth’s interior like? Orogeny Fault-block mountain Uplifted mountain How are mountains formed along convergent and divergent plate boundaries? How are mountains formed at locations other than plate boundaries? What are p-waves and swaves and how have they helped scientists theorize about Earth’s internal structure? 8 What are quantitative measures of earthquakes? How do you locate the epicenter of an earthquake? What is the level of seismic activity in NC? 2.04 Analyze seismic waves including velocity and refraction to: -Infer Earths internal structure -located earthquake epicenters’ -measure earthquake magnitude -evaluate the level of seismic activity in NC Chapter 19: Earthquakes p. 495-519 Locating Plate Boundaries by Earthquake Data Epicenter Fault Focus Primary wave Secondary wave Strain Stress Surface wave Seismogram Seismometer Magnitude Modified Mercalli scale Richter scale Seismic gap tsunami Unit 5 Fossils, Paleontology, Geologic Time— What are the divisions Goal 3: The that geologists have learner will build divided Earth’s history an understanding into? of the origin and evolution of the What are the principles earth system. used to interpret Earth’s rock record and describe 3.01: Assess the planet’s history? evidence to interpret the What is the difference order and impact between absolute and of events in the relative age and how are geologic past: -relative and they determined? absolute dating techniques. What type of geologic -statistical changes are associated models of with ice ages and radioactive decay extinction events? -fossil evidence How are different types of of past life fossils formed? uniformitarianism -stratigraphic What are the main types principles of unconformities? -divisions of 9 geologic time What were the -origin of the characteristics of the earth system early Earth? -origin of life How do scientists think the Earth’s crust and continents formed? How do scientists think the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans formed? What does science tell us about the origin of life? What type of geologic landforms do we have in NC and how do they relate to NC geologic history? 3.02: Evaluate the geologic history of NC. Chap. 21-24 Earth’s Birthday activity (timeline) Geologic time activity (stratigraphy) Half-life activity Eon Epoch Era Geologic time scale Period Correlation Cross-cutting --relationships Superposition Unconformity Uniformitarianism Dendrochronology Half-life Key bed Radioactive decay Radiometric dating Varve Altered hard part Cast Evolution Fossil Index fossil Mold Original preservation Permineralization Pre-Cambrian Paleogeography Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenzoic SECOND SEMESTER: Unit 6: Meteorology—Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate Topics / NC Standards Essential Questions and objectives 5.01 Analyze air What is Earth’s atmosphere made up of and how do these substances masses and the life cycle of affect weather and climate? weather systems, :planetary wind How is heat transferred in the belts, air masses, atmosphere? frontal systems, cyclonic systems What are the main factors affecting the density of air and how does this affect weather? Reading Assignment Chap. 11-12, 13 Lab: Heating the Earth What are air masses and fronts and how do they affect our weather? Cloud Booklet What are the different types of clouds and what type of weather do they bring? Research different types of severe weather events What are the major types of frontal and cyclonic systems? What types of weather do they bring with them? How is weather monitored and predicted? How do you read and interpret weather maps? What type of atmospheric changes are occurring, what causes them, and what are the consequences? Homework / Labs and Activities Lab: Detecting the % of Oxygen in the Atmosphere Mapping tornado frequency on US map 5.02 Evaluate meteorological observing, analysis, and prediction: worldwide observing systems, Chap. 12 5.03 Analyze global atmospheric changes including changes in CO2, CH4, and stratosphericO3 and the consequences of these changes: climate changes, changes in 2.07 Analyze the sources and impacts of society’s use of energy [consequences of climate change, Chap. 14 Mapping hurricane data from recent or old hurricanes Use weather instruments to collect weather data, analyze, and present findings.—Relative Humidity Lab Newspaper weather Page Activity Isobar Activity Movies: Inconvenient Truth Ozone: The Hole Story Other movies on global warming and/or climate change Movies: See above Some Key Terms Conduction Convection Radiation Troposphere Stratosphere Air mass Continental polar Continental tropical Maritime polar Maritime tropical Front Warm front Cold front Stationary front Occluded front Wave cyclone Planetary winds Hurricanes Tornadoes cyclones stratus cumulus cirrus cumulonimbus Relative humidity Dew point Hygrometer Wet-and –dry bulb thermometer Anemometer Barometer Isobar Ozone Methane Stratosphere Unit 7: Surface Processes—Weathering and Erosion, Surface and Groundwater Topics / NC Standards Reading Homework / Essential Questions and objectives Assignment Labs and Activities 4.04 Evaluate What is groundwater and why is it Chap. 7-10 Model movement of Water resources: important? groundwater --storage and movement of What are natural and manmade Model the movement groundwater contaminants of groundwater? of groundwater -environmental pollution impacts of a growing human Test water samples population with water test kits What are the effects of rivers and streams on the land through which they flow? What are sediments and how do they affect the flow of the streams and the quality of the water? How do humans affect the rate of erosion? What are the causes and effects of weathering and erosion? 4.01 Evaluate erosion and depositional process: -formation of stream channels -nature and characteristics of sediments -effects on water quality -effects of human choices on the rate of erosion 2.03 Investigate and analyze the processes responsible for the rock cycleanalyze the relationship between the rock cycle and processes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere Use “It’s About Water” Curriculum Use “It’s About Water” curriculum Water test kits Model various types of weathering— chemical and mechanical Some Key Terms Unit 8: Oceanography: Waves, currents, shoreline features Topics / NC Standards Reading Essential Questions and objectives Assignment 4.02 Analyze What is the chemical makeup of Chap. 15-16 mechanisms for ocean water? generating ocean currents and How causes differences of density upwelling: in ocean water and how does this temperature, affect ocean currents? coriolis effect, climatic influence 4.03 Analyze the What are the mechanisms that mechanisms that shape our shoreline? produce the various types of shorelines and How do human activities change their resultant shoreline erosion? landforms: nature of underlying geology, long and What are the solutions for short term seapreventing shoreline erosion? level history, formation and breaking of waves on adjacent topography, human impact 4.04 Evaluate water resourcesecological services provided by the ocean, environmental impacts of a growing human population, causes of natural and manmade contamination 4.05 Investigate and analyze environmental issues and solutions for NC’s river basins, wetlands, and tidal environments: water quality, shoreline changes, habitat preservation Homework / Labs and Activities % of salt in seawater lab Density of seawater lab Water Use – Drop by Drop NC River’s Project Wetlands Activity Flood Activity Some Key Terms Unit 9: Resources—Human impact on the environment Topics / NC Standards Essential Questions and objectives 2.06 Investigate What are natural resources and and analyze the how do they form? importance and impact of the What is meant by the sustainable economic use of resources? development of earth’s finite rock, What are conservation and mineral, soil, stewardship practices of our area fossil fuel and and NC in areas such as: other natural Agriculture resources to Land use patterns society and our Transportation daily lives: Wildlife availability, Forestry geographic Mining distribution, Fisheries and marine conservation, environments recycling, environmental impact, challenge of rehabilitation of disturbed lands 2.07 Analyze the What are the advantages and sources and disadvantages of using traditional impacts of and alternative sources of energy?\ society’s use of Traditional coal, oil, nuclear, energy: renewable and natural gas nonrenewable Alternative wind, solar, sources, the impact of human geothermal, etc. choices on Earth and its systems Reading Assignment Chap. 25-27 Homework / Labs and Activities “Investigate the history of mining in NC “ “Research conservation and stewardship practices in your local area and in NC” Research the various types of energy— make posters, brochures , or powerpoint presentations on one or more types of energy Some Key Terms Conservation Stewardship Sustainable (Sustainability) Non-renewable renewable Geothermal Biomass Biodiesel Solar Nuclear fission Unit 10: Astronomy Topics / Essential Questions What are some theories of how the universe and/or the solar system was formed? What are the similarities and differences between rotation and revolution? What were Newton and Keplar’s laws of motion and how do these apply to planetary motion? How do the stars, sun, and moon appear to move in relation to the Earth and what causes this? What are the effects of the Earth’s tilt on world climate? How are stars formed? What is the life cycle of a star? What information do we get from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? What is the electromagnetic spectrum ? What information do we get about stars/the sun from the spectra?\ What is the Doppler effect? How does this effect illustrate the movement of stars? What type of equipment is used by astronomers to investigate the universe; how do they work; what type of information do they provide? NC Standards and objectives 6.01 Analyze the theories of the formation of the universe and solar system 6.02 Analyze planetary motion and the physical laws that explain that motion: rotation, revolution, apparent diurnal motions of the stars, sun and moon, effects of the tilt of earth’s axis. 6.03 Examine the sources of stellar energies: life cycle of stars, HertzsprungRussell diagram 6.04 Assess the spectra generated by stars and our sun a s indicators of motion and composition (Doppler effect) 6.05 Evaluate astronomers’ use of various technologies to extend their senses: optical and radio telescopes, cameras, spectroscope Reading Assignment Chap. 28-31 Homework / Labs and Activities Some Key Terms Big Bang Theory Steady state theory Inflation theory cosmology Parallax activity Sir Isaac Newton Johannes Keplar Rotation Revolution Apparent magnitude Absolute magnitude Plot stars—create the H-R diagram using randomly selected stars HertzsprungRussell Diagram Main sequence Electromagnetic Spectrum Spectroscope Doppler Effect Use spectroscopes to observe the spectra of different elements in a light box. Compare this to the spectra observed from natural and florescent light. Optical telescope Radio telescope spectroscope