Download Unit 4 Dynamic Earth: Plate tectonics, mountain building

Earth/ Environmental Science Syllabus (pacing guide)
Unit 1 Measuring and Mapping
Week
Topics /
Essential Questions
What is Earth Science?
How does Earth Science
Affect out daily lives?
1
What are the steps of the
Scientific Method?
NC Standards
Goal 1: The
learner will
develop abilities
necessary to do
and understand
scientific inquiry
in the earth and
environ-mental
sciences
1.02
(measurement
and scientific
method)
1.04 (safety)
Reading
Assignment
Homework /
Labs and Activities
Chapter 1,
Pages 4-9
Earth Science
observation activity
Scientific methods
situations analysis
Chapter 1,
Pages 11-12
Chapter 1,
Pages 11-16
What are SI units?
Identifying Variables
Measuring in SI Units
Lab
Chapter 1,
Pages 17-19
Problem solving lab:
making and using
graphs. Textbook
page 18.
Chapter 2,
Pages 27-31
Student worksheet,
longitude and latitude
How is scientific
information
communicated?
How do we know where
we are on the earth?
Latitude and longitude
2-3
How do you locate places
on earth?
2.05: Create and
interpret
topographic, soil
and geologic
maps using scale
and legends.
Printable maps
Chapter 2,
Pages 27-31
Measurments and
Maps\understanding
maps.pdf
Chapter 2,
Pages 32-35
Draw a map to your
home activity
Chapter 2,
Pages 37-41
What are the different
types of maps?
Trip planning with the
NC map
NC topographic
Map activity
Using the WinstonSale
map
What is remote sensing?
Using a topographic
map, pages 42-43 in
textbook
Unit 1
Test
Some
Key Terms
Asthenosphere
Astronomy
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Geology
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Meteorology
Oceanography
Control
Dependent variable
(responding
variable)
Independent variable
(manipulated
variable)
Scientific notation
Area
Volume
Mass
Density
Time
Temperature
Law
Scientific Theory
Cartography
Equator
Latitude
Longitude
Prime meridian
International date
line
Time zones
Conic projection
Contour interval
Contour line
Gnomonic
projection
Map legend
Map scale
Topographic map
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Frequency
Global positioning
system
Landsat satellite
Remote sensing
Sonar
Topex/Poseidon
satellite
Unit 2: Earth Chemistry (Matter)
Week
Topics /
Essential Questions
What are the basic
building blocks of matter?
What are subatomic
particles?
NC Standards
and objectives
2.01 Analyze the
dependence of
the physical
properties of
minerals on the
arrangement and
bonding of the
atoms.
Reading
Assignment
Homework /
Labs and Activities
Chapter 3:
Pages 53-59
Building blocks of
matter activity
Chapter 3,
Pages 54-57
Chapter 3,
Pages 53-59
Elements,
Compounds, and
Mixtures activity
What are elements?
4
Chapter 3,
Pages 60-64
How do atoms combine?
Chapter 3,
Pages 65-66
Acids and bases pH
lab
What is pH?
What are states of
matter?
Unit 2
Test
Chapter 3,
Pages 67-69
What’s the matter?
Activity
Some
Key Terms
Atom
Atomic mass
Atomic number
Electron
Element
Energy level
Isotope
Mass number
Neutron
Nucleus
Proton
Radioactivity
Valence electron
Acid
Base
Chemical bond
Compound
Covalent bond
Ion
Ionic bond
Molecule
Solution
Condensation
Crystalline structure
Evaporation
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Sublimation
Unit 3 Minerals and Rocks
Week
Topics /
Essential Questions
What is a mineral?
In what patterns are
crystals arranged?
What are the most
common elements found
in the earth’s crust?
What are the major
mineral groups?
Why are minerals
identified?
5
What are Igneous rocks?
NC Standards
and objectives
2.01 Analyze the
dependence of
the physical
properties of
minerals on the
arrangement and
bonding of the
atoms.
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 4,
Pages 77-79
Chapter
4,page 79
Mineral crystal
activity
Chapter 4,
Pages 80-81
Chapter 4,
Pages 81-83
2.03 Investigate
and analyze the
processes
responsible for
the rock cycle:
-analyze the
origin, texture,
and mineral
composition of
rocks
-trace the path of
elements through
the rock cycle.
-Relate rock
formation to plate
tectonics.
-Identify the
forms of energy
that drive the
rock cycle.
Homework /
Labs and Activities
Mineral testing
Lab
Chapter 4,
page 84
Chapter 5:
Igneous
Rocks
Pages 98117
Mineral research
project
Edible igneous rock
lab
Igneous rock
characteristics lab
- Have students
determine the
densities for various
intrusive and
extrusive igneous
samples. Have them
rank them from most
to least dense
Use and create keys,
charts, or flow charts
to identify rocks.
Some
Key Terms
Crystal
Magma
Mineral
Silicate
Cleavage
Fracture
Gem
Hardness
Luster
Ore
Specific gravity
Streak
Bowen’s reaction
series
Extrusive
Fractional
crystallization
Igneous rock
Intrusive
Lava
Partial melting
Felsci
Kimberlite
Mafic
Pegmatite
Porphyritic
Ultramafic
How are rocks classified?
Quarter test
How are sedimentary
rocks formed?
What are the three main
types of sedimentary
rock?
6
What are metamorphic
rocks?
What is the Rock Cycle?
Chap. 1-5
Continue 2.03
Chapter 6:
Sedimentary
and
Metamorphic
Rocks
Pages 120127
Chap. 6:
p. 128-132
Rock identification
lab
Modeling rocks with
cookies/candy activity
Online Rock
Research project
Rock cycle in the lab
Bedding
Cementation
Clastic
Cross-bedding
Deposition
Graded bedding
Lithification
Sedimentation
Clastic sed. rock
Evaporite
Porosity
Contact
Metamorphism
Foliated
Hydrothermal
metamorphism
Nonfoliated
Porphyoblast
Regional
metamorphism
Rock cycle
Unit 4 Dynamic Earth: Plate tectonics, mountain building, earthquakes and volcanoes
2.02 Analyze the
What are the scientific
Chapter 17:
Continental drift
historical
ideas and evidence that
Plate
activity
development of
led to the theory of plate
Tectonics
the theory of
tectonics?
p. 442-467
A Model of Earth’s
plate tectonics
Interior Act.
7
What is the relationship
between the type of plate
boundary and the
locations of various
features such as ocean
trenches, mountain
ranges, and mid-ocean
ridges?
Edible Tectonics
A Solid or Liquid or a
Liquid—What is the
Mantle
(Asthenosphere)
Like?
Fault models activity
Continental drift
Pangaea
Magnetic reversal
Paleomagnetism
Seafloor spreading
Convergent
boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform
boundary
Rift valley
Subduction
Theory of plate
tectonics
Ridge push
Slab pull
Amazing Earth video
Chapter 20:
Mountain
Building
p. 523-543
What is Earth’s interior
like?
Orogeny
Fault-block
mountain
Uplifted mountain
How are mountains
formed along convergent
and divergent plate
boundaries?
How are mountains
formed at locations other
than plate boundaries?
What are p-waves and swaves and how have they
helped scientists theorize
about Earth’s internal
structure?
8
What are quantitative
measures of
earthquakes?
How do you locate the
epicenter of an
earthquake?
What is the level of
seismic activity in NC?
2.04 Analyze
seismic waves
including velocity
and refraction to:
-Infer Earths
internal structure
-located
earthquake
epicenters’
-measure
earthquake
magnitude
-evaluate the
level of seismic
activity in NC
Chapter 19:
Earthquakes
p. 495-519
Locating Plate
Boundaries by
Earthquake Data
Epicenter
Fault
Focus
Primary wave
Secondary wave
Strain
Stress
Surface wave
Seismogram
Seismometer
Magnitude
Modified Mercalli
scale
Richter scale
Seismic gap
tsunami
Unit 5 Fossils, Paleontology, Geologic Time—
What are the divisions
Goal 3: The
that geologists have
learner will build
divided Earth’s history
an understanding
into?
of the origin and
evolution of the
What are the principles
earth system.
used to interpret Earth’s
rock record and describe
3.01: Assess
the planet’s history?
evidence to
interpret the
What is the difference
order and impact
between absolute and
of events in the
relative age and how are
geologic past:
-relative and
they determined?
absolute dating
techniques.
What type of geologic
-statistical
changes are associated
models of
with ice ages and
radioactive decay
extinction events?
-fossil evidence
How are different types of of past life
fossils formed?
uniformitarianism
-stratigraphic
What are the main types
principles
of unconformities?
-divisions of
9
geologic time
What were the
-origin of the
characteristics of the
earth system
early Earth?
-origin of life
How do scientists think
the Earth’s crust and
continents formed?
How do scientists think
the Earth’s atmosphere
and oceans formed?
What does science tell us
about the origin of life?
What type of geologic
landforms do we have in
NC and how do they
relate to NC geologic
history?
3.02: Evaluate
the geologic
history of NC.
Chap. 21-24
Earth’s Birthday
activity (timeline)
Geologic time activity
(stratigraphy)
Half-life activity
Eon
Epoch
Era
Geologic time scale
Period
Correlation
Cross-cutting --relationships
Superposition
Unconformity
Uniformitarianism
Dendrochronology
Half-life
Key bed
Radioactive decay
Radiometric dating
Varve
Altered hard part
Cast
Evolution
Fossil
Index fossil
Mold
Original
preservation
Permineralization
Pre-Cambrian
Paleogeography
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenzoic
SECOND SEMESTER:
Unit 6: Meteorology—Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate
Topics /
NC Standards
Essential Questions
and objectives
5.01 Analyze air
What is Earth’s atmosphere made
up of and how do these substances masses and the
life cycle of
affect weather and climate?
weather systems,
:planetary wind
How is heat transferred in the
belts, air masses,
atmosphere?
frontal systems,
cyclonic systems
What are the main factors affecting
the density of air and how does this
affect weather?
Reading
Assignment
Chap. 11-12,
13
Lab: Heating the
Earth
What are air masses and fronts and
how do they affect our weather?
Cloud Booklet
What are the different types of
clouds and what type of weather do
they bring?
Research different
types of severe
weather events
What are the major types of frontal
and cyclonic systems? What types
of weather do they bring with them?
How is weather monitored and
predicted?
How do you read and interpret
weather maps?
What type of atmospheric changes
are occurring, what causes them,
and what are the consequences?
Homework /
Labs and Activities
Lab: Detecting the %
of Oxygen in the
Atmosphere
Mapping tornado
frequency on US map
5.02 Evaluate
meteorological
observing,
analysis, and
prediction:
worldwide
observing
systems,
Chap. 12
5.03 Analyze
global
atmospheric
changes
including
changes in CO2,
CH4, and
stratosphericO3
and the
consequences of
these changes:
climate changes,
changes in
2.07 Analyze the
sources and
impacts of
society’s use of
energy
[consequences of
climate change,
Chap. 14
Mapping hurricane
data from recent or
old hurricanes
Use weather
instruments to collect
weather data,
analyze, and present
findings.—Relative
Humidity Lab
Newspaper weather
Page Activity
Isobar Activity
Movies: Inconvenient
Truth
Ozone: The Hole
Story
Other movies on
global warming
and/or climate
change
Movies:
See above
Some
Key Terms
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Air mass
Continental polar
Continental
tropical
Maritime polar
Maritime tropical
Front
Warm front
Cold front
Stationary front
Occluded front
Wave cyclone
Planetary winds
Hurricanes
Tornadoes
cyclones
stratus
cumulus
cirrus
cumulonimbus
Relative humidity
Dew point
Hygrometer
Wet-and –dry bulb
thermometer
Anemometer
Barometer
Isobar
Ozone
Methane
Stratosphere
Unit 7: Surface Processes—Weathering and Erosion, Surface and Groundwater
Topics /
NC Standards
Reading
Homework /
Essential Questions
and objectives
Assignment
Labs and Activities
4.04 Evaluate
What is groundwater and why is it
Chap. 7-10
Model movement of
Water resources:
important?
groundwater
--storage and
movement of
What are natural and manmade
Model the movement
groundwater
contaminants of groundwater?
of groundwater
-environmental
pollution
impacts of a
growing human
Test water samples
population
with water test kits
What are the effects of rivers and
streams on the land through which
they flow?
What are sediments and how do
they affect the flow of the streams
and the quality of the water?
How do humans affect the rate of
erosion?
What are the causes and effects of
weathering and erosion?
4.01 Evaluate
erosion and
depositional
process:
-formation of
stream channels
-nature and
characteristics of
sediments
-effects on water
quality
-effects of human
choices on the
rate of erosion
2.03 Investigate
and analyze the
processes
responsible for
the rock cycleanalyze the
relationship
between the rock
cycle and
processes in the
atmosphere and
hydrosphere
Use “It’s About
Water” Curriculum
Use “It’s About
Water” curriculum
Water test kits
Model various types
of weathering—
chemical and
mechanical
Some
Key Terms
Unit 8: Oceanography: Waves, currents, shoreline features
Topics /
NC Standards
Reading
Essential Questions
and objectives
Assignment
4.02 Analyze
What is the chemical makeup of
Chap. 15-16
mechanisms for
ocean water?
generating ocean
currents and
How causes differences of density
upwelling:
in ocean water and how does this
temperature,
affect ocean currents?
coriolis effect,
climatic influence
4.03 Analyze the
What are the mechanisms that
mechanisms that
shape our shoreline?
produce the
various types of
shorelines and
How do human activities change
their resultant
shoreline erosion?
landforms: nature
of underlying
geology, long and
What are the solutions for
short term seapreventing shoreline erosion?
level history,
formation and
breaking of
waves on
adjacent
topography,
human impact
4.04 Evaluate
water resourcesecological
services provided
by the ocean,
environmental
impacts of a
growing human
population,
causes of natural
and manmade
contamination
4.05 Investigate
and analyze
environmental
issues and
solutions for NC’s
river basins,
wetlands, and
tidal
environments:
water quality,
shoreline
changes, habitat
preservation
Homework /
Labs and Activities
% of salt in seawater
lab
Density of seawater
lab
Water Use – Drop by
Drop
NC River’s Project
Wetlands Activity
Flood Activity
Some
Key Terms
Unit 9: Resources—Human impact on the environment
Topics /
NC Standards
Essential Questions
and objectives
2.06 Investigate
What are natural resources and
and analyze the
how do they form?
importance and
impact of the
What is meant by the sustainable
economic
use of resources?
development of
earth’s finite rock,
What are conservation and
mineral, soil,
stewardship practices of our area
fossil fuel and
and NC in areas such as:
other natural
 Agriculture
resources to
 Land use patterns
society and our
 Transportation
daily lives:
 Wildlife
availability,
 Forestry
geographic
 Mining
distribution,
 Fisheries and marine
conservation,
environments
recycling,
environmental
impact, challenge
of rehabilitation of
disturbed lands
2.07 Analyze the
What are the advantages and
sources and
disadvantages of using traditional
impacts of
and alternative sources of energy?\
society’s use of
Traditional coal, oil, nuclear,
energy:
renewable and
natural gas
nonrenewable
Alternative wind, solar,
sources, the
impact of human
geothermal, etc.
choices on Earth
and its systems
Reading
Assignment
Chap. 25-27
Homework /
Labs and Activities
“Investigate the
history of mining in
NC “
“Research
conservation and
stewardship practices
in your local area and
in NC”
Research the various
types of energy—
make posters,
brochures , or
powerpoint
presentations on one
or more types of
energy
Some
Key Terms
Conservation
Stewardship
Sustainable
(Sustainability)
Non-renewable
renewable
Geothermal
Biomass
Biodiesel
Solar
Nuclear fission
Unit 10: Astronomy
Topics /
Essential Questions
What are some theories of how the
universe and/or the solar system
was formed?
What are the similarities and
differences between rotation and
revolution?
What were Newton and Keplar’s
laws of motion and how do these
apply to planetary motion?
How do the stars, sun, and moon
appear to move in relation to the
Earth and what causes this?
What are the effects of the Earth’s
tilt on world climate?
How are stars formed?
What is the life cycle of a star?
What information do we get from
the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
What is the electromagnetic
spectrum ?
What information do we get about
stars/the sun from the spectra?\
What is the Doppler effect? How
does this effect illustrate the
movement of stars?
What type of equipment is used by
astronomers to investigate the
universe; how do they work; what
type of information do they provide?
NC Standards
and objectives
6.01 Analyze the
theories of the
formation of the
universe and
solar system
6.02 Analyze
planetary motion
and the physical
laws that explain
that motion:
rotation,
revolution,
apparent diurnal
motions of the
stars, sun and
moon, effects of
the tilt of earth’s
axis.
6.03 Examine the
sources of stellar
energies: life
cycle of stars,
HertzsprungRussell diagram
6.04 Assess the
spectra
generated by
stars and our sun
a s indicators of
motion and
composition
(Doppler effect)
6.05 Evaluate
astronomers’ use
of various
technologies to
extend their
senses: optical
and radio
telescopes,
cameras,
spectroscope
Reading
Assignment
Chap. 28-31
Homework /
Labs and Activities
Some
Key Terms
Big Bang Theory
Steady state theory
Inflation theory
cosmology
Parallax activity
Sir Isaac Newton
Johannes Keplar
Rotation
Revolution
Apparent
magnitude
Absolute
magnitude
Plot stars—create the
H-R diagram using
randomly selected
stars
HertzsprungRussell
Diagram
Main sequence
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Spectroscope
Doppler Effect
Use spectroscopes to
observe the spectra
of different elements
in a light box.
Compare this to the
spectra observed
from natural and
florescent light.
Optical telescope
Radio telescope
spectroscope