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Name___________________ World Themes Mrs. Andrews Islam Unit Test Review Format 10 Multiple Choice Questions 5 True/ false questions 6 Fill-in 1 Outline 1 Essay What To Study Bedouin: Nomads who traveled around the desert to find food and water. They believed in MANY gods and they went to Mecca to the kab’ah to worship Allah: God of Islam Muhammad: Allah’s prophet- he was chosen as God’s messenger… he was in a cave when Angel Gabriel came to visit him… Angel Gabriel: The angel that came to Muhammad while he was in the cave- he told Muhammad that there is only one God and that God is Allah Ka’bah: a cube structure in Mecca where people came to worship- in the old days it had 360 idols (but Muhammad destroyed them) Mecca (also spelled Makkah): The holy city. Inside of Mecca is the kabah- so people came here to worship and trade Polytheism: Believing in MANY Gods Monotheism: Believing in only ONE God Yathrib / Medina: Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca- he went north to the city of Yathrib. Yathrib was renamed Medina- which means city of the prophet Hegira: The journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina is called the Hegira- it happens in 622 A.D. Quran: The Holy Book- It has the laws and rules of Islam… the words of Allah Five Pillars of Islam: Shahaddah- Saying there is only one God (this is a declaration of faith) Salat- Prayer 5 times a day Zakat- Giving to the poor- or performing charity Sawm- Fasting for 1 month from sun rise to sun set Hajj- Travel to Mecca once in your life Rightly Guided Caliph: Muhammad dies… then the 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs rule (Caliph means ruler). They are called “rightly guided” because they are relatives of Muhammad Why were the Muslims so successful at expanding? 1. They were skilled on horseback 2. Warriors believed God was on their side 3. If they died, they believed that they would go to heaven 4. They all believed in Islam, so they were unified Umayyad Dynasty: Founder: When the last rightly guided caliph was assassinated- a leader from Syria claimed power- his name was Muwaiyah. Began the Umayyad Dynasty Capital: Damascus Achievements: 1. Continued to expand Muslim land = VERY successful, because people liked the Islamic empire better than their old rulers. 2. Also if you surrendered you got to keep you land and pay a tax- if you attempted to fight you would lose your land and have to pay taxes. 3. Made Arabic official language 4. Made postal routes Split in Religion: Sunni: Believed that anyone can rule if they are elected Shi’ite: Believed that only a relative of Muhammad can rule Abbasid Dynasty: Capital: Moved their capital to Baghdad Achievements: 1. Built the House of Wisdom in Baghdad- which was a center for learning and scholars (like a library) 2. This time period called the Golden Age 3. Expanded knowledge in medicine, math, etc. Alhambra: A palace built in Spain Islamic Achievements: Math- created numbers (Arabic numbers) and the concept of zero Built hospitals- had separate sections for different illnesses Studied germs Created anesthesia Studied eyes… did cataract surgery Created detailed and accurate maps Persia: Took over Islamic Empire