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Name___________________
World Themes
Mrs. Andrews
Islam Unit Test Review
Format
10 Multiple Choice Questions
5 True/ false questions
6 Fill-in
1 Outline
1 Essay
What To Study
Bedouin: Nomads who traveled around the desert to find food and water. They believed in MANY gods and
they went to Mecca to the kab’ah to worship
Allah: God of Islam
Muhammad: Allah’s prophet- he was chosen as God’s messenger… he was in a cave when Angel Gabriel
came to visit him…
Angel Gabriel: The angel that came to Muhammad while he was in the cave- he told Muhammad that there is
only one God and that God is Allah
Ka’bah: a cube structure in Mecca where people came to worship- in the old days it had 360 idols (but
Muhammad destroyed them)
Mecca (also spelled Makkah): The holy city. Inside of Mecca is the kabah- so people came here to worship
and trade
Polytheism: Believing in MANY Gods
Monotheism: Believing in only ONE God
Yathrib / Medina: Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca- he went north to the city of Yathrib. Yathrib was
renamed Medina- which means city of the prophet
Hegira: The journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina is called the Hegira- it happens in 622 A.D.
Quran: The Holy Book- It has the laws and rules of Islam… the words of Allah
Five Pillars of Islam:
Shahaddah- Saying there is only one God (this is a declaration of faith)
Salat- Prayer 5 times a day
Zakat- Giving to the poor- or performing charity
Sawm- Fasting for 1 month from sun rise to sun set
Hajj- Travel to Mecca once in your life
Rightly Guided Caliph: Muhammad dies… then the 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs rule (Caliph means ruler).
They are called “rightly guided” because they are relatives of Muhammad
Why were the Muslims so successful at expanding?
1. They were skilled on horseback
2. Warriors believed God was on their side
3. If they died, they believed that they would go to heaven
4. They all believed in Islam, so they were unified
Umayyad Dynasty:
Founder: When the last rightly guided caliph was assassinated- a leader from Syria claimed power- his
name was Muwaiyah. Began the Umayyad Dynasty
Capital: Damascus
Achievements:
1. Continued to expand Muslim land = VERY successful, because people liked the Islamic empire
better than their old rulers.
2. Also if you surrendered you got to keep you land and pay a tax- if you attempted to fight you would
lose your land and have to pay taxes.
3. Made Arabic official language
4. Made postal routes
Split in Religion:
Sunni: Believed that anyone can rule if they are elected
Shi’ite: Believed that only a relative of Muhammad can rule
Abbasid Dynasty:
Capital: Moved their capital to Baghdad
Achievements:
1. Built the House of Wisdom in Baghdad- which was a center for learning and scholars (like a library)
2. This time period called the Golden Age
3. Expanded knowledge in medicine, math, etc.
Alhambra: A palace built in Spain
Islamic Achievements:
Math- created numbers (Arabic numbers) and the concept of zero
Built hospitals- had separate sections for different illnesses
Studied germs
Created anesthesia
Studied eyes… did cataract surgery
Created detailed and accurate maps
Persia: Took over Islamic Empire